Transcriptional Expression of CAV1 in Total and Adipose Tissue-Derived Exosomes is Associated with Diet Quality, Adiponectin Levels, Alcohol Consumption, Diastolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Assessed by The Colombian Framingham Scale in Adults from Cartagena
Authors
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Deivis Javier Villanueva-Pájaro
Doctorate in Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia
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Moisés Alberto Árquez-Mendoza
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Carmiña Lucía Vargas-Zapata
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66920/pjn.2026.19.36Keywords:
Caveolin 1, diet quality, exosomes, gene expression, obesity, overweightAbstract
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the associations between CAV1 mRNA expression in total exosomes (TE) and adipose tissue–derived exosomes (AT-Exo) in the blood of adults across normal weight, overweight, obesity and obesity-related comorbidities, with dietary quality and patterns, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, blood biochemical parameters and cardiovascular risk assessed by anthropometry and by international and Colombian Framingham scales.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted including 136 adults of both sexes, screened between September 2023 and January 2024 in Cartagena. Participants underwent clinical evaluation, including medical history, anthropometric measurements and assessments of nutritional status and physical activity. Blood samples were collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. Plasma pools were generated and total exosomes were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and purified using a sucrose cushion. Adipose tissue-derived exosomes were subsequently isolated from each pool through immunomagnetic positive selection. Both TE and AT-Exo were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Exosomal CAV1 mRNA expression was quantified using RT-qPCR.
Results: CAV1 was overexpressed in total exosomes from individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension and this overexpression was associated with increased adiponectin levels, poor dietary quality and lower diastolic blood pressure. Similarly, CAV1 was overexpressed in adipose tissue-derived exosomes from overweight and obese individuals, as well as those with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. In this fraction, increased expression was associated with poor dietary quality and lower cardiovascular risk as estimated by the Colombian Framingham scale and showed inverse associations with alcohol consumption and physical activity.
Conclusion: CAV1 expression in adipose tissue and its incorporation into circulating exosomes are associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders. These alterations appear to be modulated by environmental and lifestyle factors, suggesting a potential role for exosomal CAV1 in the regulation and assessment of cardiovascular risk.
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