Enhancing Secondary Metabolites (Emphasis on Phenolics and Antioxidants) in Plants through Elicitation and Metabolomics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2018.411.420Keywords:
Antioxidants, elicitation, health, phenolics, secondary metabolitesAbstract
New discoveries on the benefits of bioactive compounds derived from plants have prompted the modification and enrichment of foods and food components with the aim of promoting health benefits. The process of elicitation is beneficial as it helps trigger physiological modifications and stimulates stress-induced protective responses in plants. This process occurs not only in plant cells but also in human cells and can activate bioactive compounds responsible for defensive strategies which prevent the oxidation that causes neurodegenerative heart diseases and some types of cancer. The aim of this study was to illustrate the numerous elicitors derived from different origins which have the capacity to enhance phenolic and antioxidant properties in plants and shed some light on the importance of plant metabolomics as a powerful tool for finding information on detecting secondary metabolites, which may help in natural product discovery. This paper reviews the literature related to the elicitation process and metabolomics, providing an evaluation of their results. Elicitation, in both biotic and abiotic forms, is an innovative tool which activates and improves the production of secondary metabolites in plants, though some metabolites behave differently. On the other hand, metabolomics provides insight into how these metabolites respond to elicitation. Full exploration of these elicitors in plants will provide academic and scientific information to support the development of functional and nutraceutical foods with the potential to improve the quality of human health and alleviate the effects of prevalent non-communicable diseases.
References
Jeandet, P., 2015. Phytoalexins: Current progress and future prospects. Molecules, 20: 2770-2774.
Linden, J.C. and R.J. Stoner, 2000. YEA!® Property elicitor responses influence seed germination and delays fruit senescence. http://www.agrihouse.com/references/Elicitor%20-%20Ethylene%20Reduction.pdf.
Stoner, R.J. II., R.J. Sr. Stoner, J.C. Linden, K.W. Knutson and J.H. Kreisher, 2001. Tuber planting system compromising chitin or chitosan. US Patent No. 6,193,998.
Swieca, M., 2015. Elicitation with abiotic stresses improves pro-health constituents, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of lentil sprouts. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 22: 409-416.
Randhir, R., P. Shetty and K. Shetty, 2002. L-DOPA and total phenolic stimulation in dark germinated fava bean in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors. Process Biochem., 37: 1247-1256.
Kelly, W.B., J.E. Esser and J.I. Schroeder, 1995. Effects of cytosolic calcium and limited, possible dual, effects of G protein modulators on guard cell inward potassium channels. Plant J., 8: 479-489.
Gawlik-Dziki, U., M. Swieca, D. Dziki and D. Sugier, 2013. Improvement of nutraceutical value of broccoli sprouts by natural elicitors. Acta Scient. Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 12: 129-140.
Gawlik-Dziki, U., M. Jezyna, M. Swieca, D. Dziki, B. Baraniak and J. Czyz, 2012. Effect of bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds on in vitro anticancer activity of broccoli sprouts. Food Res. Int., 49: 469-476.
Patel, H. and R. Krishnamurthy, 2013. Elicitors in plant tissue culture. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 2: 2278-4136.
Radman, R., T. Saez, C. Bucke and T. Keshavarz, 2003. Elicitation of plants and microbial cell systems. Biotechnol. Applied Biochem., 37: 91-102.
Zhao, J., L.C. Davis and R. Verpoorte, 2005. Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites. Biotechnol. Adv., 23: 283-333.
Garcia-Mier, L., S.N. Jimenez-Garcia, R.G. Guevara-Gonzalez, A.A. Feregrino-Perez, L.M. Contreras-Medina and I. Torres-Pacheco, 2015. Elicitor mixtures significantly increase bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and quality parameters in sweet bell pepper. J. Chem., Vol. 2015.
Baenas, N., C. Garcia-Viguera and D.A. Moreno, 2014. Elicitation: A tool for enriching the bioactive composition of foods. Molecules, 19: 13541-13563.
Tiryaki, I. and Y. Buyukcingil, 2009. Seed priming combined with plant hormones: Influence on germination and seedling emergence of sorghum at low temperature. Seed Sci. Technol., 37: 303-315.
Daiponmak, W., P. Theerakulpisut, P. Thanonkao, A. Vanavichit and P. Prathepha, 2010. Changes of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside content and antioxidant activity in Thai rice varieties under salinity stress. ScienceAsia, 36: 286-291.
McDonald, M.B., 2000. Seed Priming. In: Seed Technology and its Biological Basis, Black, M. and J.D. Bewley (Eds.). Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, UK., pp: 287-325.
Umnajkitikorn, K., B. Faiyue and K. Saengil, 2013. Enhancing antioxidant properties of germinated Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kum Doi Saket with salinity. J. Rice Res., Vol. 1.
Stintzi, A., H. Weber, P. Reymond, J. Browse and E.E. Farmer, 2001. Plant defense in the absence of jasmonic acid: The role of cyclopentenones. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 98: 12837-12842.
Wu, L., S.W. Hallgren, D.M. Ferris and K.E. Conway, 2001. Effects of moist chilling and solid matrix priming on germination of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds. New For., 21: 1-16.
Kovacs, P., G. Csaba, E. Pallinger and R. Czaker, 2007. Effects of taxol treatment on the microtubular system and mitochondria of Tetrahymena. Cell Biol. Int., 31: 724-732.
Hassanien, R.H.E., T.Z. Hou, Y.F. Li and B.M. Li, 2014. Advances in effects of sound waves on plants. J. Integr. Agric., 13: 335-348.
O'Brien, Jr. W.D., 2007. Ultrasound-biophysics mechanisms. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol., 93: 212-255.
Whittingham, T.A., 2007. Medical diagnostic applications and sources. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol., 93: 84-110.
Rokhina, E.V., P. Lens and J. Virkutyte, 2009. Low-frequency ultrasound in biotechnology: State of the art. Trends Biotechnol., 27: 298-306.
Yang, X.C., B.C. Wang, C.R. Duan, C.Y. Dai, Y. Jia and X.J. Wang, 2002. Brief study on physiological effects of sound field on Actinidia chinese callus. J. Chongqing Univ., 25: 79-84.
Yang, X.C., B.C. Wang and C.R. Duan, 2003. Effects of sound stimulation on energy metabolism of Actinidia chinensis callus. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces, 30: 67-72.
Zhao, H.C., J. Wu, L. Zheng, T. Zhu and B.S. Xi et al., 2003. Effect of sound stimulation on Dendranthema morifolium callus growth. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 29: 143-147.
Jiang, S., J. Huang, X. Han and X. Zeng, 2011. Influence of audio frequency mixing of music and cricket voice on growth of edible mushrooms. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng., 27: 300-305.
Jiang, S., H. Rao, Z. Chen, M. Liang and L. Li, 2012. Effects of sonic waves at different frequencies on propagation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Agric. Sci. Technol., 13: 2197-2201.
Ekici, N., F. Dane, L. Mamedova, I. Metin and M. Huseyinov, 2007. The effects of different musical elements on root growth and mitosis in onion (Allium cepa) root apical meristem (Musical and biological experimental study). Asian J. Plant Sci., 6: 369-373.
Wilson, P.S. and K.H. Dunton, 2009. Laboratory investigation of the acoustic response of seagrass tissue in the frequency band 0.5-2.5 kHz. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 125: 1951-1959.
Wu, G.Q., L.N. Zhang and Y.Y. Wang, 2012. Response of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars seedlings. Plant Soil Environ. J., 58: 534-539.
Acar, D., L. Turkan and F. Ozdemir, 2001. Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in drought sensitive and resistant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. Acta Physiol. Planta., 3: 351-356.
Yang, F., X. Xu, X. Xiao and C. Li, 2009. Responses to drought stress in two poplar species originating from different altitudes. Biol. Planta., 53: 511-516.
Xu, L., L. Han and B. Huang, 2011. Antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns in leaves of Kentucky bluegrass in response to drought and post-drought recovery. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 136: 247-255.
Kadiri, M. and M.A. Hussaini, 1999. Effect of hardening pretreatments on vegetative growth, enzyme activities and yiel of Penninsetum americanus and Sorgum bicolour. Global J. Pure Applied Sci., 5: 179-183.
Kim, W.J., H. Li, T.J. Yoon, J.M. Sim, S.K. Choi and K.H. Lee, 2009. Inhibitory activity of brine mineral water on cancer cell growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. Korean J. Food Nutr., 22: 542-547.
Moon, D.S., D.H. Jung, H.J. Kim and P.K. Shin, 2004. Comparative analysis on resources characteristics of deep ocean water and brine groundwater. J. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Energy, 7: 42-46.
Sharma, P. and R.S. Dubey, 2005. Drought induces oxidative stress and enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regul., 46: 209-221.
Gallardo, K., C. Job, S.P.C. Groot, M. Puype, H. Demol, J. Vanderkerckhove and D. Job, 2001. Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis seed germination and priming. Plant Physiol., 126: 835-848.
Kibinza, S., J. Bazin, C. Bailly, J.M. Farrant, F. Corbineau and H. El-Maarouf-Bouteau, 2011. Catalase is a key enzyme in seed recovery from ageing during priming. Plant Sci., 181: 309-315.
Chiu, K.Y., C.L. Chen and J.M. Sung, 2002. Effect of priming temperature on storability of primed sh-2 sweet corn seed. Crop Sci., 42: 1996-2003.
Bailly, C., A. Benamar, F. Corbineau and D. Come, 1998. Free radical scavenging as affected by accelerated ageing and subsequent priming in sunflower seeds. Physiol. Planta., 104: 646-652.
Bailly, C., A. Benamar, F. Corbineau and D. Come, 2000. Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Sci. Res., 10: 35-42.
Liu, J., G.S. Liu, D.M. Qi, F.F. Li and E.H. Wang, 2002. Effect of PEG on germination and active oxygen metabolism in wildrye (Leymus chinensis) seeds. Acta Pratacult. Sin., 11: 59-64.
Wang, S.Y. and W. Zheng, 2005. Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate increases fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in raspberries. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 40: 187-195.
Albersheim, P., A.R. Ayers Jr., B.S. Valent, J. Ebel, M. Hahn, J. Wolpert and R. Carlson, 1977. Plants interact with microbial polysaccharides. J. Cell. Biochem., 6: 599-616.
Randhir, R., Y.T. Lin and K. Shetty, 2004. Stimulation of phenolics, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in dark germinated mung bean sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors. Process Biochem., 39: 637-646.
Shetty, K., 2004. Role of proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway in biosynthesis of plant phenolics for functional food and environmental applications: A review. Process Biochem., 39: 789-804.
Ortmann, I. and B.M. Moerschbacher, 2006. Spent growth medium of Pantoea agglomerans primes wheat suspension cells for augmented accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and enhanced peroxidase activity upon elicitation. Planta, 224: 963-970.
Dos Santos, A.L.W., N.E. El Gueddari, S. Trombotto and B.M. Moerschbacher, 2008. Partially acetylated chitosan oligo-and polymers induce an oxidative burst in suspension cultured cells of the gymnosperm Araucaria angustifolia. Biomacromolecules, 9: 3411-3415.
Shinya, T., R. Menard, I. Kozone, H. Matsuoka and N. Shibuya et al., 2006. Novel β-1,3-, 1,6-oligoglucan elicitor from Alternaria alternate 102 for defense responses in tobacco. FEBS J., 273: 2421-2431.
Paulert, R., D. Ebbinghaus, C. Urlass and B.M. Moerschbacher, 2010. Priming of the oxidative burst in rice and wheat cell cultures by ulvan, a polysaccharide from green macroalgae and enhanced resistance against powdery mildew in wheat and barley plants. Plant Pathol., 59: 634-642.
Cai, Z., A. Kastell, I. Mewis, D. Knorr and I. Smetanska, 2012. Polysaccharide elicitors enhance anthocyanin and phenolic acid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 108: 401-409.
Korsangruang, S., N. Soonthornchareonnon, Y. Chintapakorn, P. Saralamp and S. Prathanturarug, 2010. Effects of abiotic and biotic elicitors on growth and isoflavonoid accumulation in Pueraria candollei var. candollei and P. candollei var. mirifica cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell. Tissue Organ Cult., 3: 333-342.
Coste, A., V. Laurian, A. Halmagyi, C. Deliu and G. Coldea, 2011. Effects of plant growth regulators and elicitors on production of secondary metabolites in shoot cultures of Hypericum hirsutum and Hypericum maculatum. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 106: 279-288.
Pawar, K.D., A.V. Yadav, Y.S. Shouche and S.R. Thengane, 2011. Influence of endophytic fungal elicitation on production of inophyllum in suspension cultures of Calophyllum inophyllum L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 106: 345-352.
Manero, F.J.G., B. Ramos, J.A.L. Garcia, A. Probanza and M.L.B. Casero, 2003. Systemic induction of the biosynthesis of terpenic compounds in Digitalis lanata. J. Plant Physiol., 160: 105-113.
Ramos-Solano, B., E. Algar, A. Garcia-Villaraco, J. Garcia-Cristobal, J.A.L. GarciÌa and F.J. Gutierrez-Manero, 2010. Biotic elicitation of isoflavone metabolism with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in early stages of development in Glycine max var. Osumi. J. Agric. Food Chem., 58: 1484-1492.
Gutierrez-Manero, F.J., A. Garcia-Villaraco, J.A. Lucas, E. Gutierrez and B. Ramos-Solano, 2015. Inoculant/elicitation technology to improve bioactive/phytoalexin. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Applied Sci., 4: 224-241.
Dedyukhina, E.G., S.V. Kamzolova and M.B. Vainshtein, 2014. Arachidonic acid as an elicitor of the plant defense response to phytopathogens. Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric., Vol. 1, No. 1.
Mu, H.M., R. Wang, X.D. Li, Y.M. Jiang and C.Y. Wang et al., 2009. Effect of abiotic and biotic elicitors on growth and alkaloid accumulation of Lycoris chinensis seedlings. Zeitschrift Naturforschung C, 64: 541-550.
Covington, B.C., J.A. McLean and B.O. Bachmann, 2017. Comparative mass spectrometry-based metabolomics strategies for the investigation of microbial secondary metabolites. Natl. Prod. Rep., 34: 6-24.
Agostini-Costa, T.D.S., R.F. Vieira, H.R. Bizzo, D. Silveira and M.A. Gimenes, 2012. Secondary Metabolites. In: Chromatography and its Applications, Dhanarasu, S. (Ed.). InTech, China.
Mousa, W.K. and M.N. Raizada, 2013. The diversity of anti-microbial secondary metabolites produced by fungal endophytes: An interdisciplinary perspective. Front Microbiol., Vol. 4.
Khazir, J., B.A. Mir, S.A. Mir and D. Cowan, 2013. Natural products as lead compounds in drug discovery. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 15: 764-788.
Duke, S.O., F.E. Dayan, J.G. Romagni and A.N. Rimando, 2000. Natural products as sources of herbicides: Current status and future trends. Weed Res., 40: 99-111.
Rao, S.R. and G.A. Ravishankar, 2002. Plant cell cultures: Chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Biotechnol. Adv., 20: 101-153.
Hegeman, A.D., 2010. Plant metabolomics-meeting the analytical challenges of comprehensive metabolite analysis. Brief. Funct. Genom., 9: 139-148.
Okazaki, Y. and K. Saito, 2012. Recent advances of metabolomics in plant biotechnology. Plant Biotechnol. Rep., 6: 1-15.
Khakimov, B., S. Bak and S.B. Engelsen, 2014. High-throughput cereal metabolomics: Current analytical technologies, challenges and perspectives. J. Cereal Sci., 59: 393-418.
Francki, M.G., S. Hayton, J.P.A. Gummer, C. Rawlinson and R.D. Trengove, 2016. Metabolomic profiling and genomic analysis of wheat aneuploid lines to identify genes controlling biochemical pathways in mature grain. Plant Biotechnol. J., 14: 649-660.
Benard, C., S. Bernillon, B. Biais, S. Osorio and M. Maucourt et al., 2015. Metabolomic profiling in tomato reveals diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source-sink relationships. J. Exp. Bot., 66: 3391-3404.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
