The Current Utilisation and Possible Treatments of Rice Straw as Ruminant Feed in Vietnam: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2020.91.104Keywords:
Exogenous enzyme, nutritive value, rice straw, ruminant feed, ruminant production, VietnamAbstract
This review provides an overview of the availability, nutritive value and possible strategies to improve the utilisation of rice straw as a ruminant feed. Although, rice straw is the most abundant agricultural by-product and can consider as a sustainable source for ruminant feed in Vietnam, only a small proportion of rice straw is fed to ruminants. Rice straw is rich in polysaccharides and has the high levels of lignin and silica, limiting voluntary intake and reducing degradability by ruminal microorganisms. Some physical treatments are not practical because they require machinery application or are not economically feasible for the farmers. Chemical treatments, such as urea, ammonia or lime, currently seem to be more practical for on-farm use. The application of chemical agents can be hard to handle, harmful to the habitat. The use of white-rot fungi, exogenous enzymes and lactic acid bacteria to enhance the nutritive value and digestibility of rice straw are expected to be a practical and environmental-friendly approach in the future. It is recommended that combinations of these biological treatments with traditional methods are promising for having a synergistic effect on the nutritive improvement of rice straw. Future research should focus on the optimisation of biological and economic effects of different treatments and development in alternative enzyme production and fermentation technologies to obtain the higher nutritive value and digestibility of rice straw.
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