Detection of a Toxic Phenolic Compound in Cottonseed Extract and its Products

Abstract

Cottonseed is a good source of high quality meal and edible oil. However, it contains a toxic phenolic compound called gossypol. Gossypol is an anti-nutritious factor that limits the use of cottonseed and its products due to its toxicity associated to its reactions with amino acids and minerals. This is the first study on gossypol ever conducted in Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to estimate the level of gossypol in oil and ghee (Hydrogenated oil) samples from local markets so that awareness can be created regarding maintenance of minimum gossypol level in edible oils. During this study gossypol was extracted from cottonseeds and cotton seed cake using different organic solvents. The compound was detected in extracts by applying Chromatographic technique as well as chemical tests with SbCl₃, Pb(CH₃COO)₂ and SnCl₃. Spectrophotometric techniques were also employed for quantitative analysis by measuring absorbance of samples at wavelength of 290 nm. It was found that overall the contents of gossypol were higher in cottonseed oils as compared to Ghee (hydrogenated oil).