Fermented Seed of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth (African Mustard) Diet Prevents Myocardial Infarction in Rat

Abstract

Hypertension and diabetes are traditional major common risk factors of ischemic heart diseases. Antidiabetic and anhypertensive property of Parkia biglobosa (PB) are well documented. In our previous study, we demonstrated that stem bark of PB possessed cardioprotective effects in rats. Fermented seeds of PB (African mustard) is a natural nutritional condiment frequently used to season sauces in African diets. This study evaluated fermented seed of PB (FSPB) dietary preventing heart attacks in isoproterenol (ISO) induced Myocardial Infarction (MI). Four groups of five Sprague dawley rats of each were used. Control group, received the saline solution as vehicle (5ml/kg) per os (p.o) daily, for 15 days and was injected subcutaneously with vehicle (2ml/kg) at an interval of 24 hours, on day 14 and 15. Infarcted group received vehicle p.o and was injected subcutaneously ISO (100 mg/kg) as in control group. FSPB pre-treated groups received p.o FSPB (1g eq mv/kg and 2g eq mv/kg respectively) daily, for 15 days and was injected subcutaneously ISO (100mg/kg). ISO has induced MI, characterized by significant (p<0.001) heart hypertrophy; histological heart changes; increased lipid peroxidation (MDA); decreased serum total Antioxidant Activity (AOA); increased transaminases, LDH and CPK activities and lipids metabolism alteration in infracted rats. FSPB reduced significantly (p<0.01) ISO induced biochemical alterations, morphological and histological changes, MDA and increased AOA in pre-treated rats. FSPB has cardioprotective property and its consumption, not only maintain health, may prevent heart attacks development in human.