Hematological Effects Following Ingestion of Allium cepa (Onion), Allium sativum Garlic and Treatment with Iodine in Albino Wistar Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2014.457.461Keywords:
Garlic, hematological parameters, iodine, onionAbstract
This study was aimed at assessing the extent to which ingestion of Allium cepa (onion) Allium sativum (garlic) and treatment with iodine affect haematological parameters of albino Wistar rats. The effect on total hemoglobin, hematocrit (PCV%), red blood cells (RBC) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were carried out. Oral administration of onion and garlic extract led to a dose dependent decrease in the total haemoglobin level of normal rats which was not statistically significant (p<0.05). Treatment with iodine led to a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in the total hemoglobin of the positive control group (treated with iodine only). Oral administration of onion and garlic extract to the normal rats led to a decrease in the hematocrit which was not statistically significant (p<0.05). Nonetheless, treatment with iodine led to a statistically significant (p<0.05) drop in the hematocrit of the iodine treated rats administered with high dose onion when compared to the control. In the normal rats, oral administration of high dose garlic and onion extracts led to a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the RBC when compared with the control group however the iodine treated groups recorded a drop which was statistically significant (p<0.05) in the low dose onion and garlic groups. From these results, it becomes imperative not just to consider the effects of these Alliums on the haematological parameters but to consider fortification with nutrients while embarking on the various forms of fortification with iodine. This is of particular importance mainly in areas where nutritional anemia is a concern.
References
Arnault, I. and J. Auger, 2006. Seleno-compounds in garlic and onion. J. Chromatogr. A, 1112: 23-30.
Aseervatham, J., S. Palanivelu and P. Sachdanandam, 2010. Cytoprotective effect of Semecarpus anacardium against toxicity induced by streptozotocin in rats. J. Exp. Pharmacol., 2: 135-143.
Banerjee, S.K. and S.K. Maulik, 2002. Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: A review. Nutr. J., Vol. 1.
Dacie-Lewis, J.V. and S.M. Lewis, 1976. Practical Heamatology. Longman Publishers, New York, USA., pp: 78-97.
Dungca, J., A. Patron, M. Cristina, S. Liwanag, C. Bermido, V. Balintona and E. Yabut, 2012. Hematological indices, nutrient intake and health status of older adults in selected Suburban Filipino Community Philippine. J. Sci., 141: 197-205.
El-Demerdash, F.M., M.I. Yousef and N.I.A. El-Naga, 2005. Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects of onion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem. Toxicol., 43: 57-63.
Fernandes, M.N. and A.F. Mazon, 2003. Environmental Pollution and Fish Gill Morphology. In: Fish Adaptations, Val, A.L. and B.G. Kapoor (Eds.). Science Publication, Enfield, USA., pp: 203-231.
Gabriel, U.U., G.N.O. Ezeri and O.O. Opabunmi, 2004. Influence of sex, source, health status and acclimation on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus (Burch, 1822). Afr. J. Biotechnol., 3: 463-467.
Jha, A., 2006. Anemia is an important predictor of decline and death in community-dwelling elders. J. Clin. Outcomes Manage., 13: 259-260.
Jones, M.G., J. Hughes, A. Tregova, J. Milne, A.B. Tomsett and H.A. Collin, 2004. Biosynthesis of the flavour precursors of onion and garlic. J. Exp. Bot., 55: 1903-1918.
Kosiborod, M., J.P. Curtis, Y. Wang, G.L. Smith and F.A. Masoudi et al., 2005. Anemia and outcomes in patients with heart failure: A study from the National Heart Care Project. Arch. Internal Med., 165: 2237-2244.
Lanzotti, V., 2006. The analysis of onion and garlic. J. Chromatogr. A, 1112: 3-22.
Mcpherson, R. and M. Pincus, 2009. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st Edn., Saunders Elsevier, Singapore, Pages: 1555.
Omotoso, G.O., A.O. Oyewopo, R.E. Kadir, S.T. Olawuyi and A.A. Jimoh, 2010. Effects of aqueous extract of Allium sativum (Garlic) on semen parameters in Wistar Rats. Internet J. Urol., Vol. 7.
Penninx, B.W., M. Pahor, R.C. Woodman and J.M. Guralnik, 2006. Anemia in old age is associated with increased mortality and hospitalization. J. Gerontol. Ser. A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 61: 474-479.
Ruggiero, C., E.J. Metter, A. Cherubini, M. Maggio and R. Sen et al., 2007. White blood cell count and mortality in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 49: 1841-1850.
Samson, E.S., A.K. Olasunkanmi, J.S. Joel and E.F. Alfred, 2012. Haematological and hepatotoxic potential of onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts in rats. Eur. J. Med. Plants, 2: 290-307.
Mirunalini, S., V. Arulmozhi and T. Arulmozhi, 2010. Curative effect of garlic on alcoholic liver disease patients. Jordan J. Biol. Sci., 3: 147-152.
Santas, S., R. Carbo, M.H. Gordon and M.P. Almajano, 2008. Comparison of the antioxidant activity of two Spanish onion varieties. Food Chem., 107: 1210-1216.
Tende, J.A., K.V. Olorunshola, A. Mohammed, A.B. Adelaiye and E.D. Eze, 2012. Some biochemical and haematological effects of garlic (Alliumsativum) ginger (Zingiber officiale) and extracts in rats. J. Sci., 2: 121-126.
Emmanuel, U.C. and O. James, 2011. Comparative effects of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts on some haematological and lipid indices of rats. Ann. Rev. Res. Biol., 1: 37-44.
Weiss, S., M. Segal, D. Sparrow and C. Wager, 1995. Relation of FEV1 and peripheral blood leukocyte count to total morbidity; the normal ageing study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 42: 493-498.
WHO., 2007. Iodine Deficiency in Europe and Its Control: Current Status, Progress and Recent Trends. In: Iodine Deficiency in Europe: A Continuing Public Health Problem, Andersson, M., B. De Benoist, I. Darnton-Hill and F. Delange (Eds.). World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland, pp: 20-33.
Zakai, N.A., R. Katz, C. Hirsch, M.G. Shlipak, P.H. Chaves, A.B. Newman and M. Cushman, 2005. A prospective study of anemia status, hemoglobin concentration, and mortality in an elderly cohort: The cardiovascular health study. Arch. Internal Med., 165: 2214-2220.
Zimmermann, M.B., 2009. Iodine deficiency. Endocr. Rev., 30: 376-408.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
