Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Pattern and Health Challenges of Elderly (≥60 Years) Staff in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka and Enugu Campuses: A Case Study

Abstract

The study was designed to assess fruit and vegetable consumption pattern in relationship with common health challenges of the elderly (≥60 years) staff of University of Nigeria, Nsukka and Enugu Campuses. One hundred and seventy (170) subjects were randomly selected for the cross-sectional study. Validated Questionnaires were used for data collection. The data was analyzed using means, frequencies, ANOVA and chi-square test. The results of the study showed that majority (72.9%) of the aged studied were between the ages of 60-70 years. Monthly incomes revealed that 69.41% were in higher than the poverty red line. Fruit consumption pattern showed that 58.95% consumed it ≤3 times/week while 59.5% consumed vegetables ≥4 times/weekly. Vegetables, fruits and combined vegetable and fruits consumptions were statistically different: according to age associated diseases (p<0.04, p<0.005 and p<0.00, respectively); also according to educational levels (p<0.03, p<0.002 and p<0002, respectively); as well as with income (p<0.00, p<0.01 and p<0.02, respectively). About 15% had health challenges. The prevalence of hypertension (44.7%), diabetes (31.8%), liver problem (21.2%) and kidney problem (25.9%) was high when compared to other health problems (Arthritis, Alzheimer's disease obesity, cancer, osteoporosis and cataracts). In conclusion there was poor consumption of vegetables and fruits among the University elderly compared to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation. Hypertension and diabetes were more prevalence than other conditions, but majority did not have physical disability and were health conscious by engaging in physical activities.