Selection of Probiotic Bacteria and In vitro Evaluation of Alginate as a Prebiotic for Freshwater Lobster (Cerax quadricarinatus)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2014.666.671Keywords:
Alginate, Cerax quadricarinatus, prebiotic, probiotic, Sargassum spAbstract
The use of probiotic affects the aquatic animals’ immune response and growth performance. This study aimed to isolate bacteria from freshwater lobster’s intestines and observe in vitro the isolate’s ability in utilizing alginate from brown alga (Sargassum sp.) as a prebiotic. The bacteria was isolated from the freshwater lobster (Cerax quadricarinatus) intestine’s and the water of the lobster habitat. The lobster were collected from four stations i.e., Makassar, Bantimurung, Maros and Mandalle. The results of the study showed that after being soaked in a physiological solution with a pH of 2, there were 30 species of bacterial isolates discovered. The antagonistic test of inhibition zone against the pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila showed the isolates of MDL7, MKS4 and MKS3 might inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila. While co-culture antagonistic test revealed that the isolates MDL1, MDL3, MDL6, BTL5, MRS4 and MRS5 could inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacteria A. hydrophila. In vitro culture of alginate as prebiotic with the four best isolates as probiotic candidates, namely MDL7, MKS4, BTL5 and MRS5 demonstrated that the probiotic bacteria could grow and utilized prebiotic optimally, especially the MRS5 and BTL5 probiotic bacteria. Therefore, alginate as a prebiotic and MRS5 and BTL5 as probiotic bacteria have a great potential to be a symbiotic.
References
Aslim, B. and G. Alp, 2009. The effect of immobilization on some probiotic properties of Streptococcus thermophilus strains. Ann. Microbiol., 59: 127-132.
Bengmark, S., 1998. Ecological control of the gastrointestinal tract. The role of probiotic flora. Gut, 42: 2-7.
Castex, M., D. Chim, P. Pham, N. Lemaire and J.L. Wabete et al., 2008. Probiotic P. acidilactici application in shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris culture subject to vibriosis in New Caledonia. Aquaculture, 275: 182-193.
Davidson, P.M. and D.G. Hoover, 1993. Antimicrobial Component from Lactic Acid Bacteria. Marcell Dekker, Inc., New York, USA.
Erkkila, S. and E. Petaja, 2000. Screening of commercial meat starter cultures at low pH and in the presence of bile salts for potential probiotic use. Meat Sci., 55: 297-300.
Gahan, D.A., M.B. Lynch, J.J. Callan, J.T. O'Sullivan and J.V. O'Doherty, 2009. Performance of weanling piglets offered low-, medium- or high-lactose diets supplemented with a seaweed extract from Laminaria spp. Animal, 3: 24-31.
Gardiner, G.E., A.J. Campbell, J.V. O'Doherty, E. Pierce and P.B. Lynch et al., 2008. Effect of Ascophyllum nodosum extract on growth performance, digestibility, carcass characteristics and selected intestinal microflora populations of grower-finisher pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 141: 259-273.
Gatesoupe, F.J., 1999. The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 180: 147-165.
Irianto, A., 2005. Fish Patology of Teleosthei. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta Indonesia (In Indonesian).
Jacquelyn, G.B., 1999. Microbiology: Principles and Explorations. 4th Edn., Wiley, New York, USA., ISBN-13: 978-0471368199, Pages: 912.
Leonard, S.G., T. Sweeney, B. Bahar, B.P. Lynch and J.V. O'Doherty, 2010. Effect of maternal fish oil and seaweed extract supplementation on colostrum and milk composition, humoral immune response and performance of suckled piglets. J. Anim. Sci., 88: 2988-2997.
Liu, C.H., C.S. Chiu, P.L. Ho and S.W. Wang, 2009. Improvement in the growth performance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, by a protease-producing probiotic, Bacillus subtilis E20, from natto. J. Applied Microbiol., 107: 1031-1041.
Liu, K.F., C.H. Chiu, Y.L. Shiu, W. Cheng and C.H. Liu, 2010. Effects of the probiotic, Bacillus subtilis E20, on the survival, development, stress tolerance and immune status of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 28: 837-844.
Lynch, M.B., T. Sweeney, J.J. Callan, J.T. O'Sullivan and J.V. O'Doherty, 2007. Effects of increasing the intake of dietary beta-glucans by exchanging wheat for barley on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emissions in finishing pigs. Animal, 6: 812-819.
Naidu, A.S., W.R. Bidlack and R.A. Clemens, 1999. Probiotic spectra of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 39: 113-126.
Nayak, S.K., 2010. Probiotics and immunity: A fish perspective. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 29: 2-14.
O'Doherty, J.V., S. Dillon, S. Figat, J.J. Callan and T. Sweeney, 2010. The effects of lactose inclusion and seaweed extract derived from Laminaria spp. on performance, digestibility of diet components and microbial populations in newly weaned pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 157: 173-180.
Pelzcar, M.J., 1986. [Basic of Microbiology]. UI Press, Jakarta, Indonesia, (In Indonesian).
Shen, W.Y., L.L. Fu, W.F. Li and Y.R. Zhu, 2010. Effect of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis on the growth, performance, immune response and antioxidant activities of the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquacul. Res., 41: 1691-1698.
Sweeney, T., S. Dillon, J. Fanning, J. Ega and C.J. O'Shea et al., 2011. Evaluation of seaweed-derived polysaccharides on indices of gastrointestinal fermentation and selected populations of microbiota in newly weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 165: 85-94.
Succi, M., P. Tremonte, A. Raele, E. Sorrentino, L. Grazia, S. Pacifico and R. Coppola, 2005. Bile salt and acid tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains isolated from Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 244: 129-137.
Tirloni, E., P. Cattaneo, B. Ripamonti, A. Agazzi, C. Bersani and S. Stella, 2014. In vitro evaluation of Lactobacillus animalis SB310, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei SB137 and their mixtures as potential bioprotective agents for raw meat. Food Control, 41: 63-68.
Verschuere, L., G. Rombaut, P. Sorgeloos and W. Verstraete, 2000. Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 64: 655-671.
Zokaeifar, H., J.L. Balcazar, C.R. Saad, M.S. Kamarudin, K. Sijam, A. Arshad and N. Nejatd, 2012. Effects of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, immune gene expression and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 33: 683-689.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
