Nutritional Assessment of Type II Diabetic Patients

Abstract

The study identified the association of the nutritional status with dietary pattern of type II diabetic patients. Cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting data from 51 patients at AL-Noor Specialist Hospital in Holy Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. An interview questionnaire used to collect demographic and socioeconomic data, anthropometric measurements and laboratory investigations. A bioelectric impedance analysis used to estimate body composition findings. Thirty-one type II patient women and twenty men were assessed, the mean age was 49.35±1.020 years and the mean of BMI was 31.59±5.538 kg/m². A percentage of 57 of the studied patients were low-income level that affected their nutrition outcomes. A percentage of 25 of male group and 25.8% of female group rarely or never eat fruits, meanwhile, 15% of male group and 3.2% of female group rarely or never eat vegetables. A percentage of 50 from male group and 51.6% from female group were usually eating dark meats, meanwhile, 50% of male group and 45.2% of female group sometimes consume regular sweet. It is well improver that nutritional status of the diabetic patients influenced by the socio-economic level, dietary habits and physical activity. Socio-economical support, nutritional education and exercise programs are needed for better nutritional and clinical outcomes for the diabetic patients. From the results we concluded that most of the studied sample was overweight or obese and that might be due to their inadequate nutrition and unhealthy dietary patterns. Low-educational level as well as low-income level can negatively influence the nutritional and health status of the patients, due to the lack of nutritional information and lacking of access to nutritious foods. Blood glucose level, lipid profile and blood pressure are influenced by the dietary habits and types of food consumed. The consumption of inadequate nutrition can increase the risk of chronic diseases beside diabetes mellitus.