Association of Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices with Linear Growth of Children under 24 Months in Asia and Africa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.665.670Keywords:
Breastfeeding, child growth, complementary feeding, height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), infant and young child feeding, stunting, WHO feeding indicatorsAbstract
Background and Objective: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is very important for child growth, health and development. The present study was conducted to review previous literature involving infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and stunting in order to examine the relationship between eight core indicators of IYCF and child stunting/HAZ in Asia and Africa. Materials and Methods: Online database searching was conducted to obtain studies that examined the association between at least one IYCF indicator and stunting/HAZ in Asia and/or Africa. Significant associations between eight core IYCF indicators and stunting/HAZ in each country were determined. Results: Ten studies conducted in 11 countries (7 in Asia, 4 in Africa) were included for analysis. Exclusive breastfeeding was significantly associated with HAZ in Ethiopia. Continued breastfeeding at 1 year was a stunting risk factor in Rwanda and negatively associated with HAZ in Ethiopia and Zambia. Introduction of solid, semi-solid, or soft foods was positively associated with HAZ in Bangladesh and Zambia but increased stunting risk in Rwanda. Minimum dietary diversity was a protective factor against stunting in Indonesia and positively associated with HAZ in India, Bangladesh and Zambia. Minimum acceptable diet was positively associated with HAZ in India, Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Zambia. Conclusion: World Health Organization (WHO) IYCF indicators are useful for measuring the dietary quality of children under 2 years-old and closely related to nutritional status and health.
References
WHO., 2018. Stunting in a nutshell. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/nutrition/healthygrowthproj_stunted_videos/en/.
UNICEF, WHO and World Bank, 2018. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization and World Bank, Washington, DC., USA., pp: 1-15. https://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/2018-jme-brochure.pdf?ua=1.
Oot, L., K. Sethuraman, J. Ross and A.E. Sommerfelt, 2018. Estimating the impact of two common risk factors for stunting-inadequate dietary diversity and teenage pregnancy: Models in profiles for country-level advocacy. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA)/FHI 360, Washington, DC., USA., June 2018, pp: 1-8.
UNICEF, WHO and World Bank, 2017. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization and World Bank, Washington, DC., USA., pp: 1-15. https://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/jme_brochoure2017.pdf.
Paramashanti, B.A., Y. Paratmanitya and Marsiswati, 2017. Individual dietary diversity is strongly associated with stunting in infants and young children. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia, 14: 19-26.
Dewey, K.G. and K. Begum, 2011. Long-term consequences of stunting in early life. Maternal Child Nutr., 7: 5-18.
WHO., 2008. Indicators for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices, Part I: Definition. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN: 978 92 4 159666 4, Pages: 19.
WHO., 2010. Indicators for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices, Part 3: Country Profiles. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN: 978 92 4 159975 7, Pages: 51.
Disha, A.D., R. Rawat, A. Subandoro and P. Menon, 2012. Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices in Ethiopia and Zambia and their association with child nutrition: Analysis of demographic and health survey data. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev., 12: 5895-5914.
Menon, P., A. Bamezai, A. Subandoro, M.A. Ayoya and V.M. Aguayo, 2015. Age-appropriate infant and young child feeding practices are associated with child nutrition in India: Insights from nationally representative data. Maternal Child Nutr., 11: 73-87.
Marriott, B.P., A.J. White, L. Hadden, J.C. Davies and J.C. Wallingford, 2010. How well are infant and young child World Health Organization (WHO) feeding indicators associated with growth outcomes? An example from Cambodia. Maternal Child Nutr., 6: 358-373.
Nsereko, E., A. Mukabutera, D. Iyakaremye, Y.D. Umwungerimwiza, V. Mbarushimana and M. Nzayirambaho, 2018. Early feeding practices and stunting in Rwandan children: A cross-sectional study from the 2010 Rwanda demographic and health survey. Pan Afr. Med. J., Vol. 29, No. 1.
Zongrone, A., K. Winskell and P. Menon, 2012. Infant and young child feeding practices and child undernutrition in Bangladesh: Insights from nationally representative data. Public Health Nutr., 15: 1697-1704.
Lamichhane, D.K., J.H. Leem, H.C. Kim, M.S. Park, J.Y. Lee, S.H. Moon and J.K. Ko, 2016. Association of infant and young child feeding practices with under-nutrition: Evidence from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Paediatr. Int. Child Health, 36: 260-269.
Saaka, M., A. Wemakor, A.R. Abizari and P. Aryee, 2015. How well do WHO complementary feeding indicators relate to nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months in rural Northern Ghana? BMC Public Health, Vol. 15.
Mya, K.S., A.T. Kyaw and T. Tun, 2019. Feeding practices and nutritional status of children age 6-23 months in Myanmar: A secondary analysis of the 2015-16 Demographic and Health Survey. PLoS ONE, Vol. 14.
Campbell, R.K., V.M. Aguayo, Y. Kang, L. Dzed and V. Joshi et al., 2018. Infant and young child feeding practices and nutritional status in Bhutan. Maternal Child Nutr., Vol. 14.
Lamberti, L.M., C.L.F. Walker, A. Noiman, C. Victora and R.E. Black, 2011. Breastfeeding and the risk for diarrhea morbidity and mortality. BMC Public Health, Vol. 11.
Ayana, A.B., T.W. Hailemariam and A.S. Melke, 2015. Determinants of acute malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in public hospitals, Oromia region, West Ethiopia: A case-control study. BMC Nutr., Vol. 1.
WHO., 2009. Infant and Young Child Feeding: Model Chapter for Textbooks for Medical Students and Allied Health Professionals. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN-13: ISBN: 9789241597494, Pages: 99.
Terati, H. Yuniarti and E. Susanto, 2018. Effects of diet and breastfeeding duration on the stunting status of children under 5 years of age at maternal and child health centers of the Palembang Regional Office of Health. Pak. J. Nutr., 17: 51-56.
Jones, A.D., S.B. Ickes, L.E. Smith, M.N. Mbuya and B. Chasekwa et al., 2014. World Health Organization infant and young child feeding indicators and their associations with child anthropometry: A synthesis of recent findings. Maternal Child Nutr., 10: 1-17.
Solomon, D., Z. Aderaw and T.K. Tegegne, 2017. Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int. J. Equity Health, Vol. 16, No. 1.
Spek, N.V.D., 2015. The association between complementary feeding indicators and linear child growth and the determinants of inappropriate feeding practices among children 6-23 months in Rwanda. M.Sc. Thesis, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
