Effect of Lawsonia inermis Linn. Extracts on Blood Glucose Level in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.671.676Keywords:
Antidiabetic, glucose level, henna, Lawsonia inermis Linn., medicinal plantAbstract
Background and Objective: Lawsonia inermis Linn. is one of the common medicinal plants that are being used widely to treat diabetes in Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Scientific evidence to confirm its efficacy is still lacking. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of L. inermis leaf extracts on glucose level in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Serial extraction of Lawsonia inermis Linn. leaf was conducted to obtain the respective n-hexane (HE), ethyl acetate (EAE), ethanol (EE) and distilled water (A1E) extracts. Another water extract (A2E) was obtained using infusion technique. These extracts were administered orally at the dose of 1 g kg–1 b.w. to normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. An acute hypoglycemic, glucose tolerance and antihyperglycemic effects were assessed. Qualitative phytochemical screenings were conducted prior to the in vivo tests. Results: The phytochemical screenings revealed the presence of steroid and triterpenoid in HE, alkaloid, tannin, flavonoids, saponin and glycoside in EE and EAE. While in A1E and A2E, tannin, flavonoid, saponin and glycoside were identified. Hypoglycemic test in normal rats showed HE was able to decrease blood glucose level (BGL) significantly (p<0.05). A1E and A2E were able to inhibit the rise of BGL after being challenged with glucose intraperitoneally. Furthermore, administration of single dose of extracts showed that only EAE exerted significant antihyperglycemic activity. Conclusion: All the extracts of Lawsonia inermis Linn. leaf, except for EE, have shown certain degree of antidiabetic activity with possible different mechanisms of antidiabetic action.
References
Cragg, G.M. and D.J. Newman, 2013. Natural products: A continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Gen. Subj., 1830: 3670-3695.
Kumar, M., P. Kaur, M. Chandel, A.P. Singh, A. Jain and S.J. Kaur, 2017. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves against 2-acetylaminofluorene induced hepatic damage in male Wistar rats. BMC Complementary Altern. Med., Vol. 17.
Kamal, M. and T. Jawaid, 2010. Pharmacological activities of Lawsonia inermis Linn.: A review. Int. J. Biomed. Res., 1: 62-68.
Salih, A.M., F.H. Kakamad, R.Q. Salih, D.A. Hussein and H.A. Hassan et al., 2017. Effect of Lawsonia inermis (Henna) on wound healing in Sprague-Dawley rats: A pilot study. Wound Med., 18: 41-42.
Widyawati, T., W.W. Purnawan, I.J. Atangwho, N.A. Yusoff, M. Ahmad and M.Z. Asmawi, 2015. Anti-diabetic activity of Syzygium polyanthum (wight) leaf extract, the most commonly used herb among diabetic patients in Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Int. J. Pharmaceut. Sci. Res., 6: 1698-1704.
Goel, R., D. Bhatia, S.J. Gilani and D. Katiyar, 2012. Medicinal plants as anti-diabetics: A review. Int. Bull. Drug Res., 1: 100-107.
Syamsudin, Inawati and H. Winarno, 2008. The effect of inai (Lawsonia inermis Linn) leaves extract on blood sugar level: An experimental study. Res. J. Pharmacol., 2: 20-23.
Chikaraddy, A., Y. Maniyar and B. Mannapur, 2012. Hypoglycemic activity of ethanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn. (henna) in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 2: 287-292.
Singh, S., N. Verma, R. Karwasra, P. Kalra, R. Kumar and Y.K. Gupta, 2015. Safety and efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract from Lawsonia inermis leaves on lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Ayu: Int. Quart. J. Res. Ayurveda, 36: 107-112.
Imam, H., N.U. Mahbub, M.F. Khan, H.K. Hana and M.M.R. Sarker, 2013. Alpha amylase enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effect of Lawsonia inermis. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 16: 1796-1800.
Pandey, A. and S. Tripathi, 2014. Concept of standardization, extraction and pre phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 2: 115-119.
Handa, S.S., S.P.S. Khanuja, G. Longo and D.D. Rakesh, 2008. Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. International Centre for Science and High Technology, Trieste, Italy, Pages: 260.
Evans, W.C., 2009. Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy. 16th Edn., Elsevier Health Sciences, UK., ISBN: 9780702041891, Pages: 616.
Harborne, J.B., 1987. Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. (Translator: Padmawinata, P.K., I. Soediro and P.S. Niksolihin). 2nd Edn., Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, Pages: 354.
Farnsworth, R.N., 1966. Biological and phytochemical screening of plants. J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 55: 225-276.
Chaudhary, G., S. Goyal and P. Poonia, 2010. Lawsonia inermis Linnaeus: A phytopharmacological review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Drug Res., 211: 91-98.
Sasidharan, S., Y. Chen, D. Saravaran, K.M. Sundram and L.Y. Latha, 2011. Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants' extracts. Afr. J. Tradit. Complementary Altern. Med., 8: 1-10.
Raja, W., M. Ovais and A. Dubey, 2013. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis leaf extract. Int. J. Microbiol. Res., 4: 33-36.
Tiong, S.H., C.Y. Looi, H. Hazni, A. Arya and M. Paydar et al., 2013. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Molecules, 18: 9770-9784.
Daisy, P., R. Jasmine, S. Ignacimuthu and E. Murugan, 2009. A novel steroid from Elephantopus scaber L. an ethnomedicinal plant with antidiabetic activity. Phytomedicine, 16: 252-257.
Weinberg, S.L. and S.K. Abramowitz, 2008. Statistics using SPSS: An Integrative Approach. 2nd Edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK., ISBN-13: 978-0521899222, Pages: 780.
Babu, P.V.A., D. Liu and E.R. Gilbert, 2013. Recent advances in understanding the anti-diabetic actions of dietary flavonoids. J. Nutr. Biochem., 24: 1777-1789.
Vinayagam, R. and B. Xu, 2015. Antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids: A cellular mechanism review. Nutr. Metab., Vol. 12.
Benalla, W., S. Bellahcen and M. Bnouham, 2010. Antidiabetic medicinal plants as a source of alpha glucosidase inhibitors. Curr. Diabetes Rev., 6: 247-254.
Uma, D.B., C.W. Ho and W.M.W. Aida, 2010. Optimization of extraction parameters of total phenolic compounds from henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves. Sains Malaysiana, 39: 119-128.
Widyawati, T., N.A.B. Roslan, N.A. Yusoff, K.N.B. Abdul Razak, Y.M. Fei, M.Z. Asmawi and M. Ahmad, 2016. The evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Eugenia polyantha leaves extracts. Int. J. ChemTech Res., 9: 465-471.
Kumar, S., S. Narwal, V. Kumar and O. Prakash, 2011. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes. Pharmacogn. Rev., 5: 19-29.
Goncalves, R., N. Mateus and V. de Freitas, 2011. Inhibition of α-amylase activity by condensed tannins. J. Food Chem., 125: 665-672.
Bodmer, M., C. Meier, S. Krahenbuhl, S.S. Jick and C.R. Meier, 2008. Metformin, sulfonylureas, or other antidiabetes drugs and the risk of lactic acidosis or hypoglycemia: A nested case-control analysis. Diabetes Care, 31: 2086-2091.
Tripathi, A.K. and S. Kohli, 2014. Pharmacognostical standardization and antidiabetic activity of Syzygium cumini (Linn.) barks (Myrtaceae) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Complement. Integr. Med., 11: 71-81.
Inzucchi, S.E., M.R. Bergenstal, J.B. Buse, M. Diamant and E. Ferrannini et al., 2015. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: A patient-centered approach: Update to a position statement of the american diabetes association and the European association for the study of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 38: 140-149.
Brunton, L.L., John S. Lazo and L.L. Parker, 2006. Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th Edn., McGraw Hill Medical, USA., ISBN-13: 978-0071422802, Pages: 1984.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
