Mother's Milk Supplementation and 6-Months Exclusive Breastfeeding in Cipayung Sub-District, Depok City, Indonesia: A Quasi-Experimental Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.770.777Keywords:
Breastfeeding intervention, energy consumption, exclusive breastfeeding, lactating mothers, maternal intake, milk supplementationAbstract
Background and Objective: Calorie intake during lactation is not being paid sufficient attention despite its importance to support the success of 6-months exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). In Indonesia, lactating mother’s calorie intake is low. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of calorie supplementation on the success of 6-month EBF. Materials and Methods: Four groups of lactating mothers in Cipayung Sub-district, Depok City, Indonesia were purposively selected and followed up for 6 months. The first group received calorie supplementation in the form of one glass of milk per day (140 kcal per day) five days a week for 3 months. Cadres provided milk supplementation and ensured complete consumption. The second group received reminder message from cadres, the third group received EBF short message service and the fourth group was a control group. All groups were observed and measured on the status of breastfeeding, anthropometry and food consumption monthly. Results: The calorie intake of those who were successful in EBF was significantly higher than those who failed. Milk supplementation is the dominant factor for the success of 6-months EBF. The milk supplementation group had the highest percentage of mothers who were successful in providing 6-months EBF. Conclusion: The study has proven significant role of milk supplementation to support EBF. Provision of one glass of milk five times a week for 3 months could increase EBF prevalence to 90%, compared to 60% among other groups. Milk supplementation for lactating mothers must be considered as one strategy to increase the prevalence of 6 months EBF in Indonesia.
References
WHO., 2009. Infant and Young Child Feeding: Model Chapter for Textbooks for Medical Students and Allied Health Professionals. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN-13: ISBN: 9789241597494, Pages: 99.
UN., 2015. SDGS and children in Indonesia. UNICEF., Jakarta, Indonesia.
MoH-RI., 2014. Indonesia basic health research 2013. Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia.
MoH., 2018. Indonesia basic health research 2018. Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia.
Eidelman, A.I., 2012. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk: An analysis of the American academy of pediatrics 2012 breastfeeding policy statement. Breastfeed. Med., 7: 323-324.
Dewey, K.G., 2016. Reducing stunting by improving maternal, infant and young child nutrition in regions such as South Asia: Evidence, challenges and opportunities. Mater. Child Nutr., 12: 27-38.
Wrottesley, S.V., C. Lamper and P.T. Pisa, 2016. Review of the importance of nutrition during the first 1000 days: Maternal nutritional status and its associations with fetal growth and birth, neonatal and infant outcomes among African women. J. Dev. Origins Health Dis., 7: 144-162.
Victora, C.G., M. De Onis, P.C. Hallal, M. Blossner and R. Shrimpton, 2010. Worldwide timing of growth faltering: Revisiting implications for interventions. Pediatrics, 125: e473-e480.
Christian, P., L.C. Mullany, K.M. Hurley, J. Katz and R.E. Black, 2015. Nutrition and maternal, neonatal and child health. Semin. Perinatol., 39: 361-372.
Black, R.E., C.G. Victora, S.P. Walker, Z.A. Bhutta and P. Christian et al., 2013. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet, 382: 427-451.
MoH-RI., 2013. Indonesia dietary guideline: Regulation of health minister No. 75. Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia.
Madanijah, S., R. Rimbawan, D. Briawan, Z. Zulaikhah and N. Andarwulan et al., 2016. Nutritional status of lactating women in Bogor district, Indonesia: Cross-sectional dietary intake in three economic quintiles and comparison with pre-pregnant women. Br. J. Nutr., 116: S67-S74.
Sihite, D.S., S. Fikawati and A. Syafiq, 2017. Maternal energy intake at the sixth month as dominant factor of exclusive breastfeeding success. Kesmas: Nat. Public Health J., 12: 87-92.
Syafiq, A., S. Fikawati and R. Widiastuti, 2016. Energy consumption during lactation and duration of breastfeeding at Puskesmas Margajaya Bekasi city in 2014. Makara J. Health Res., 19: 81-86.
Fikawati, S., A. Syafiq, R.P. Purbaningrum and K. Karima, 2015. Energy consumption of lactating mothers: Current situation and problems. Makara J. Health Res., 18: 58-64.
Huynh, D.T.T., N.T. Tran, L.T. Nguyen, Y. Berde and Y.L. Low, 2018. Impact of maternal nutritional supplementation in conjunction with a breastfeeding support program on breastfeeding performance, birth and growth outcomes in a Vietnamese population. J. Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Med., 31: 1586-1594.
Ogechi, U.P., 2017. A study of the nutritional status and dietary intake of lactating women in Umuahia, Nigeria. Am. J. Health Res., 2: 20-26.
Ongosi, A.N., G. Gericke, E. Mbuthia and A. Oelofse, 2014. Food variety, dietary diversity and perceived hunger among lactating women (0-6 months postpartum) in a low socio-economic area in Nairobi, Kenya. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev., 14: 8663-8675.
Garcia, A.H., T. Voortman, C.P. Baena, R. Chowdhurry and T. Muka et al., 2016. Maternal weight status, diet and supplement use as determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr. Rev., 74: 490-516.
Fikawati, S., A. Syafiq and Mardatillah, 2017. Maternal calorie intake is a significant factor associated with 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers in Depok city, Indonesia. Malaysian J. Nutr., 23: 31-41.
Fikawati, S., E. Suryani and A. Syafiq, 2016. Lactating mothers energy consumption in Beji sub-district, Depok city, Indonesia in 2016. Proceeding of the ISER 88th International Conference Venice, November 22-23, 2017, Italy, pp: 29-33.
MoH-RI., 2016. Indonesia Health Profile (IHP) 2016. Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia.
Worthington-Roberts, B.S. and S.R. Williams, 2000. Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle. 4th Edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, USA., ISBN: 9780072927320, Pages: 469.
Fikawati, S. and A. Syafiq, 2012. Maternal nutritional status and breast milk insufficiency perception. Nat. Public Health J., 450: 249-254.
Gatti, L., 2008. Maternal perceptions of insufficient milk supply in breastfeeding. J. Nurs. Scholarsh., 40: 355-363.
Prabasiwi, A., S. Fikawati and A. Syafiq, 2015. Exclusive breastfeeding and perception of insufficient milk supply. KESMAS-Nat. Public Health J., 9: 282-2873.
Safon, C., D. Keene, W.J.U. Guevara, S. Kiani, D. Herkert, E.E. Munoz and R. Perezâ€Escamilla, 2017. Determinants of perceived insufficient milk among new mothers in Leon, Nicaragua. Maternal Child Nutr., Vol. 13.
Nkrumah, J., 2016. Maternal work and exclusive breastfeeding practice: A community based cross-sectional study in Efutu Municipal, Ghana. Int. Breastfeed. J., Vol. 12.
Mogre, V., M. Dery and P.K. Gaa, 2016. Knowledge, attitudes and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice among Ghanaian rural lactating mothers. Int. Breastfeed. J., Vol. 11.
Whitney, E.N. and S.R. Rolfes, 2011. Understanding Nutrition. Cengage Learning Australia Pty Limited, Austria.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
