Carbohydrate Sources Preferences of Women With Past Medical History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Puncak Alam, Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.1028.1035Keywords:
Blood glucose, carbohydrate source, gestational diabetes mellitus, glycemic index, postpartumAbstract
Background and Objective: Women with a past medical history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and many other chronic diseases. T2DM can be prevented in these women by management of postpartum blood glucose levels. The carbohydrate glycemic index (GI) has the greatest impact on blood glucose levels and consumption of low GI carbohydrates can have favorable effects on postprandial blood glucose levels. This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare carbohydrates consumed by 40 women who did and 40 women who did not have a history of GDM in Puncak Alam. Materials and Methods: The dietary intake of the respondents was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results: Overall, daily carbohydrate intake among women with no history of GDM was higher than women who did have a history of GDM (p = 0.02, p<0.05). No significant difference was seen for dietary GI (p = 0.24, p>0.05) or dietary glycemic load (p = 0.09, p>0.05) between the two groups. However, the carbohydrate sources for the two groups differed significantly. Women without a history of GDM had greater intake of rice varieties with high GI (p = 0.08, p<0.05), pasta intake (p = 0.03, p<0.05) and low GI beverages (p = 0.07, p<0.05) compared to women with a history of GDM. Conclusion: Women who had a history of GDM tended to consume more low GI foods than women without a history of GDM, yet overall both groups consumed low amounts of low GI foods.
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