Characteristics of Mother as Predictors of Stunting in Toddler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.1101.1106Keywords:
Community nutrition, Indonesia, nutritional status, stunting, toddlers s motherAbstract
Background and Objective: Indonesia is a developing country with the third highest prevalence of stunting in the South-East Asian region. The present study analyzed characteristics of mothers as predictors of stunting in children under 5 years-old in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Data from the 2017 Indonesian Nutritional Status Monitoring Survey was used. Using multi-stage cluster random sampling, 149,571 toddlers aged 0-59 months and their mothers were examined. Stunting as an indicator of nutritional status was assessed based on height per age. Characteristics of mothers included age, marital status, educational level, work status and residence were studied. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Age of mothers was a significant predictor of stunting risk in toddlers. Toddlers with married mothers had 0.862 and 0.771-times higher risk of stunting and severe stunting, respectively, compared to toddlers of divorced mothers. Toddlers of mothers with only a primary school education had 2.248-times higher risk of severe stunting compared to toddlers of college-educated mothers. Toddlers of non working mothers had 0.951-times higher risk of severe stunting compared to toddlers of working mothers. Conclusion: Age, marital status, educational level, work status and residence of mothers were predictors of stunting of toddlers in Indonesia.
References
Fink, G. and P.C. Rockers, 2014. Childhood growth, schooling, and cognitive development: Further evidence from the young lives study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 100: 182-188.
Li, C., L. Zeng, D. Wang, S. Allen and S. Jaffar et al., 2019. Growth in early life and physical and intellectual development at school age: a cohort study. Br. J. Nutr., 121: 866-876.
Engidaye, G., M. Melku, A. Yalew, Z. Getaneh, F. Asrie and B. Enawgaw, 2019. Under nutrition, maternal anemia and household food insecurity are risk factors of anemia among preschool aged children in Menz Gera Midir district, Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, Vol. 19.
Barker, D.J.P., 1997. Maternal nutrition, fetal nutrition and disease in later life. Nutrition, 13: 807-813.
Muhammad, H.F.L., 2018. Obesity as the sequel of childhood stunting: ghrelin and ghsr gene polymorphism explained. Acta Med. Indones., 50: 159-164.
Barker, D.J.P., 1998. Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life. 2nd Edn., Churchill Livingstone, London, England Pages: 232.
Rolfe, E.D.L., G.V.A.D. França, C.A.Vianna, D.P.Gigante and J.J. Miranda et al., 2018. Associations of stunting in early childhood with cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood. PLoS One, Vol. 13, No. 4.
Ministry of Health, 2018. Situation of stunted toddler in Indonesia. Data and Information Center of Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia.
NIHRD., 2019. The 2018 Indonesia basic health survey (Riskesdas): National report. National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia.
Amugsi, D.A., Z.T. Dimbuene and C. Kyobutungi, 2019. Correlates of the double burden of malnutrition among women: an analysis of cross sectional survey data from Sub-Saharan Africa. BMJ Open, Vol. 9, No. 7.
Alaofè, H. and I. Asaolu, 2019. Maternal and child nutrition status in rural communities of kalalé district, benin: the relationship and risk factors. Food Nutr. Bull., 40: 56-70.
Kishawi, R.R.E., K.L. Soo, Y.A. Abed and W.A.M.W. Muda, 2016. Prevalence and associated factors for dual form of malnutrition in mother-child pairs at the same household in the Gaza Strip-Palestine. PLoS One, Vol. 13, No. 3.
Kulkarni, B., 2018. Addressing the double burden of malnutrition in developing countries: need for strategies to improve the lean body mass. Food Nutr. Bull., 39: S69-S76.
Edelstein, S. and J. Sharlin, 2010. Life Cycle Nutrition: An Evidence-based Approach. Berilustrasi, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Sudbury, Canada, Pages: 532.
Imdad, A., Z. Lassi, R. Salaam and Z.A. Bhutta, 2017. Prenatal Nutrition and Nutrition in Pregnancy: Effects on Long-Term Growth and Development. In: Early Nutrition and Long-Term Health: Mechanisms, Consequences and Opportunities, Saavedra, J.M. and A.M. Dattilo (Eds.)., Chapter 1. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK., pp: 3-24.
Ministry of Health, 2017. The 2017 Indonesia nutritional status monitoring (Pemantauan status Gizi 2017). Directorate of Community Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia.
Daniels, L.A., 2019. Feeding practices and parenting: a pathway to child health and family happiness. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 74: 29-42.
Han, Z.R., M.M. Gao, J. Yan, X. Hu, W. Zhou and X. Li, 2019. Correlates of parent-child physiological synchrony and emotional parenting: Differential associations in varying interactive contexts. J. Child Family Stud., 28: 1116-1123.
Titaley, C.R., I. Ariawan, D. Hapsari, A. Muasyaroh and M.J. Dibley, 2019. Determinants of the stunting of children under two years old in Indonesia: A multilevel analysis of the 2013 Indonesia basic health survey. Nutrients, Vol. 11.
Monk, C., C. Lugo-Candelas and C. Trumpff, 2019. Prenatal developmental origins of future psychopathology: mechanisms and pathways. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol., 15: 317-344.
Nirmala, I.R., J. Februhartanty and L.A.A. Wiradnyani, 2016. Maternal attributes are positively associated with feeding practices of children aged 2-5 years in West Java, Indonesia. Malay. J. Nutr., 22: 191-205.
Vikram, K. and R. Vanneman, 2019. Maternal education and the multidimensionality of child health outcomes in India. J. Biosocial Sci.
Abera, L., T. Dejene and T. Laelago, 2018. Magnitude of stunting and its determinants in children aged 6–59 months among rural residents of Damot Gale district; Southern Ethiopia. BMC Res. Notes, Vol. 11.
Tekile, A.K., A.A. Woya and G.W. Basha, 2019. Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey. BMC Res. Notes, Vol. 12.
Khan, S., S. Zaheer and N.F. Safdar, 2019. Determinants of stunting, underweight and wasting among children < 5 years of age: Evidence from 2012-2013 Pakistan demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health.
Yang, Y.Y., G. Kaddu, D. Ngendahimana, H. Barkoukis and D. Freedman et al., 2018. Trends and determinants of stunting among under-5s: Evidence from the 1995, 2001, 2006 and 2011 Uganda demographic and health surveys. Public Health Nutr., 21: 2915-2928.
Chirande, L., D. Charwe, H. Mbwana, R. Victor and S. Kimboka et al., 2015. Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among under-fives in Tanzania: Evidence from the 2010 cross-sectional household survey. BMC Pediatr., Vol. 15.
Talukder, A., S.R. Razu and Z. Hossain, 2018. Factors affecting stunting among under-five children in bangladesh. Family Med. Primary Care Rev., 20: 356-362.
Wemakor, A. and K.A. Mensah, 2016. Association between maternal depression and child stunting in northern ghana: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, Vol. 16.
Baptista, J., J.R. Silva, S. Marques, C. Martins and I. Soares, 2018. Early maltreatment and current quality of relational care predict socioemotional problems among institutionalized infants and toddlers. Infant Mental Health J., 39: 718-729.
Buchan, J., I.D. Couper, V. Tangcharoensathien, K. Thepannya and W. Jaskiewicz et al., 2013. Early implementation of WHO recommendations for the retention of health workers in remote and rural areas. Bull. World Health Organiz., 91: 834-840.
Laksono, A.D., I.A. Ridlo and Ernawaty, 2019. Distribution analysis of doctors in Indonesia. INA-Rxiv Papers.
Mussa, R., 2014. A matching decomposition of the rural-urban difference in malnutrition in Malawi. Health Econ. Rev., Vol. 4.
Chaturvedi, S., S. Ramji, N.K. Arora, S. Rewal, R. Dasgupta and V. Deshmukh, 2016. Time-constrained mother and expanding market: Emerging model of under-nutrition in India. BMC Public Health, Vol. 16.
Putri, D.P.K. and S. Lestari, 2015. Role distribution in javanese household. J. Penelitian Humaniora, 16: 72-85.
Junaedi, M., 2018. Fenomena perceraian dan perubahan sosial (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Wonosobo). [The phenomena of divorce and social change]. Yinyang: J. Studi Islam Gender Anak, 13: 259-283, (In Indonesian).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
