Transfer of Thai Native Cattle Feeding Technology to Cattle Farmers in Rural Communities in Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand, in Response to Global Warming to Produce Cattle with the Characteristics of Physiological Adaptability, Heat Tolerance and Increas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2018.190.198Keywords:
Animal welfare and behavior, appropriate technology transfer, heat stress, physiological change, Thai native cattle's production performanceAbstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the integration of cattle feeding technology, which was appropriate to transfer to local farmers, to produce Thai native cattle with the characteristics of adaptable physiology and heat tolerance in response to global warming in the rural communities of Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand. Methodology: The experiment was conducted by raising 16 castrated male Thai native cattle; their body weights were commensurate with their body condition scores and genetic characteristics and they were allocated to a randomized complete block design. Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen. Four experimental concentrate formulas, each containing 12% protein and 72% total digestible nutrients (TDN), were used as follows: (1) Control feed concentrate, (2) 15% para rubber seed meal concentrate, (3) 15% palm kernel seed meal concentrate and (4) 15% cotton seed meal concentrate. Data analysis were conducted using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to investigate the relation between the meteorological factors and the general physiological changes in Thai native cattle. Results: The values for the temperature humidity index (THI) showed that the ambient temperature was significantly related to each of the maximum, average and minimum temperatures and to the relative humidity, with a significant difference (p<0.01). The data analysis showed that although the THI values increased, they did not affect the general physiological changes of Thai native cattle (p>0.05). The general physiological parameters, welfare, behavior characteristics and hematological values of Thai native cattle were not significantly different (p>0.05). The production performance of experimental Thai native cattle as shown by the intake of concentrate and roughage feeds, initial body weight, final body weight and average daily growth rate or average daily gain (ADG), was significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: Thai native cattle that received 4 different concentrate formulas could tolerate high-ambient-temperature environments and the concentrate formulas had no effect on physiological changes and growth performance.
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