Value of Metabolizable Energy and Digestibility of Nutrient Concentrate from Fermented Shrimp Waste for Domestic Chickens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.134.140Keywords:
Bioprocess, digestibility, metabolizable energy, nutrient concentrate, shrimp wasteAbstract
Background and Objective: Improving the quality of waste containing high levels of chitin through bioprocesses that utilize the services of the microbes Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus sp. and Saccharomyces cereviseae can generate a high-quality product that can meet the requirements of domestic chickens. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal bioprocessing conditions to make a nutrient concentrate, as well as to describe its biological quality for the domestic chicken. Materials and Methods: This study utilized experimental methods in the laboratory that consisted of a completely randomized design with six treatment rations (R0, R1, R2, R3, R4 and RS) that were replicated five times. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the differences between treatments were tested by Duncan's multiple range test. Results: Bioprocessing shrimp waste with Bacillus licheniformis for two days, followed by Lactobacillus sp. for two days and finally, Saccharomyces cereviseae for two days resulted in the best nutrient content (48.50% crude protein, 7.81% crude fat, 7.57% calcium and 3.14% phosphorus), The metabolizable energy value and protein digestibility of the nutrient concentrate for the domestic chicken were 2613.90 kcal kg–1 and 72.91%, respectively. Conclusion: Processing shrimp waste for poultry feed, especially for domestic poultry, can be achieved through multilevel fermentation technology that uses microbial services to produce a nutrient concentrate with good chemical and biological qualities.
References
Abun, T. Widjastuti and K. Haetami, 2016. Effect of time processing at steps of bioprosess shrimp waste by three microbes on protein digestibility and metabolizable energy products of native chicken. AgroLife Scient. J., 5: 209-213.
Abun, 2008. Bioconversion of tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) waste product by Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus niger, its implementation on broiler performance. Ph.D. Thesis, Postgraduate Padjadjaran University, Bandung.
Sklan, D. and S. Hurwitz, 1980. Protein digestion and absorption in young chicks and Turkeys. J. Nutr., 110: 139-144.
Wagstaff, R.K., 1989. Improved Digestibility of Feeds by Enzyme Addition. Kemin Industries Inc., Des Moines, Iowa USA.
Hall, G.M. and S. De Silva, 1992. Lactic Acid Fermentation of Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Waste for Chitin Recovery. In: Advances in Chitin and Chitosan, Brine, C.J., P.A. Sandford and J.P. Zikakis (Eds.)., Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp: 633-668.
Ranjhan, S.K., 1980. Animal Nutrition in the Tropics. 2nd Edn., Vikash Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
Wang, D.L.C., C.L. Coney, A.L. Demain, P. Dunnil, A.F. Rumherey and M.D.C. Lily, 1979. Fermentation and Enzymes Technology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.
Lee, V. and E. Tan, 2002. Enzymatic hydrolysis of prawn shell waste for the purification of chitin. Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, England.
Alam, M.M., T. Mizutani, M. Isono, N. Nikaidou and T. Watanabe, 1996. Three chitinase genes (chiA, chiC and chiD) comprise the chitinase system of Bacillus circulans WL-12. J. Ferment. Bioeng., 82: 28-36.
Tillman, A.D., H. Hartadi, S. Reksohadiprodjo, S. Prawirokusumo and S. Lebdosoekojo, 1991. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Dasar. 5th Edn., Universitas Gadjah Mada Press, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Scott, M.L., M.C. Neshim and R.J. Young, 1982. Nutrition of the Chicken. M.L. Scott Associates, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Haetami, K., Junianto and Abun, 2010. Kajian pemanfaatan limbah inti sawit dalam produksi bio-mos (Mannan oligosakarida) sebagai sumber energi pada pakan nila. Laporan Penelitian, LPPM Unpad, Sumedang.
Sibbald, I.R. and Morse, 1983. The effect of level intake on metabolizable energy values measured with adult rootger. Poult. Sci., 64: 127-138.
Wiradisastra, M.D.H., 1986. Evektivitas keseimbangan energi dan asam amino dan efisiensi absorpsi dalam menentukan persyaratan kecepatan tumbuh ayam broiler. Disertasi, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Abun, D. Rusmana and N.P. Indriani, 2003. Penentuan kecernaan ransum mengandung ampas umbi garut (Maranta arundinacea Linn.) pada ayam broiler dengan metode pemotongan. J. Bionatura, 5: 227-238.
AOAC., 1984. Official Method of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
Battley, E.H., 1987. Energetics of Microbial Growth. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Fardiaz, S., 1987. Fisiologi Fermentasi. Pusat Antar Universitas, IPB., Bogor.
Aisjah, T., 1995. Biokonversi limbah umbi singkong menjadi bahan pakan sumber protein oleh jamur Rhizopus sp. serta Pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ayam pedaging. Ph.D. Thesis, Postgraduate Padjadjaran University, Bandung.
Williams, C.M. and J.C.H. Shih, 1989. Enumeration of some microbial groups in thermophilic poultry waste digesters and enrichment of a feather-degrading culture. J. Applied Bacteriol., 67: 25-35.
NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington DC., pp: 21-22.
Wahju, J., 1997. Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas. Cetakan Keempat. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Winarno, F.G., 1980. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. PT. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Rachman, A., 1989. Pengantar Teknologi Fermentasi. Pusat Antar Universitas IPB., Bogor.
Tulung, B., 1987. Efek fisiologis serat kasar di dalam alat pencernaan bagian bawah hewan monogastrik. Makalah Simposium Biologi, Unsrat, Manado.
Rahayu, S., F. Tanuwidjaja, Y. Rukayadi, A. Suwanto and M.T. Suhartono et al., 2004. Study of thermostable chitinase enzymes from Indonesian Bacillus K29-14. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 14: 647-652.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
