Vitamin D Deficiency and Hematological Parameters in People Living with HIV/AIDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2020.217.224Keywords:
25-hydroxyvitamin D, complete blood count, deficiency, HIV/AIDSAbstract
Background and Objective: Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) infection experiences deficiency of vitamin D and abnormality of hematological parameters related to inflammatory and thrombotic activities. This study was designed to determine the relationship between changes in hematological parameters and vitamin D in HIV/AIDS infection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 HIV/AIDS patients consuming Efavirenz (EFV)-based Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for less than 6 months. Parameters including 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] level and complete blood count. All parameters were measured in the Special Treatment Center (Pusat Pelayanan Khusus, Pusyansus) of the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Clinic at Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Haji Adam Malik, Medan, Indonesia. Results: There was a significant difference in terms of platelet count [mean±standard deviation: 329531.25 (79175.99) μL–1 vs 282710.53 (69895.25) μL–1, p = 0.011], Mean Platelet Volume/Platelet count (MPV/PLT) [Median (Interquartile Range): 2.86×10–5 (1.70×10–5-5.06×10–5) vs 3.27×10–5 (1.94×10–5-10.0×10–5), p = 0.022] and plateletcrit (PCT) [mean±standard deviation: 0.29 (0.08)% vs 0.25 (0.06)%, p = 0.018] in the group with 25(OH)D level of <21 ng mL–1 compared to the group with 25(OH)D level of ≥21 ng mL–1. There was a significant difference in terms of platelet count between the vitamin D sufficiency and insufficiency groups [mean±standard deviation: 300166.67 (71387.33) μL–1 vs 274653.85 (69095.84) μL–1, p = 0.036]. A significant difference was found in terms of platelet distribution width (PDW) between the vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency groups [mean±standard deviation: 9.02 (1.14)% vs 9.48 (1.03)%, p = 0.020]. Conclusion: Low level of vitamin D significantly correlated with platelet index in HIV/AIDS patients consuming EFV-based ART.
References
Musarurwa, C., L.S. Zijenah, D.Z. Mhandire, T. Bandason and K. Mhandire et al., 2018. Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis in hospitalised HIV infected patients in a low income tropical setting: A cross sectional study. BMC Pulm. Med., Vol. 18, No. 67.
Mansueto, P., A. Seidita, G. Vitale, S. Gangemi, C. Iaria and A. Cascio, 2015. Vitamin D deficiency in HIV infection: Not only a bone disorder. BioMed Res. Int., Vol. 2012.
Sari, D.K., Z.Z. Tala, S. Lestari, S.V. Hutagalung and R.A. Ganie, 2017. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism among Indonesian women in North Sumatera. Asian J. Clin. Nutr., 9: 44-50.
Sari, D.K., Z.Z. Tala, S. Lestari, S.V. Hutagalung and R.A. Ganie, 2017. Lifestyle differences in rural and urban areas affected the level of vitamin D in women with single nucleotide polymorphism in North Sumatera. Asian J. Clin. Nutr., 9: 57-63.
Sari, D.K., Z.Z. Tala, S. Lestari, S.V. Hutagalung and R.A. Ganie, 2017. Body mass index but not 25(OH)D serum is associated with bone mineral density among Indonesian women in North Sumatera: A cross sectional study. Asian J. Clin. Nutr., 9: 37-43.
Esen, B., A.E. Atay, I. Sahin, E.S. Gokmen and S.H. Kucuk et al., 2016. The relation of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 with inflammation and indirect markers of thrombotic activity in patients with end stage renal disease. J. Clin. Exp. Nephrol., Vol. 1, No. 8.
Nylén, H., A. Habtewold, E. Makonnen, G. Yimer and L. Bertilsson et al., 2016. Prevalence and risk factors for efavirenz-based antiretroviral treatment–associated severe vitamin D deficiency: A prospective cohort study. Medicine, Vol. 95, No. 34.
Raman, R.T., D. Manimaran, P. Rachakatla, K. Bharathi, T. Afroz and R. Sagar, 2016. Study of basic coagulation parameters among HIV patients in correlation to CD4 counts and artrt status. J. Clin. Diagn. Res., 10: EC04-EC06.
Erkus, E., G. Aktas, B.M. Atak, M.Z. Kocak, T.T. Duman and H. Savli, 2018. Haemogram parameters in vitamin D deficiency. J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak., 28: 779-782.
Bruno, R., D. Scuderi, M.E. Locatelli, A. Pampaloni and M.R. Pinzone, 2017. Prevalence of micronutrients deficiencies in a cohort of HIV-positive individuals on ART. Infect. Dis. Trop. Med., Vol. 3, No. 4.
Park, Y.C., J.J. Kim, M.S. Seo, S.W. Hong, E.S. Cho and J.K. Kim, 2017. Inverse relationship between vitamin D levels and platelet indices in Korean adults. Hematology, 22: 623-629.
Al-Nimer, M.S.M. and R.M.H. Salih, 2019. Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on the hematological indices in women presented with iron deficiency anemia: An open-labeled clinical trial. J. Pharm. Negat. Results, 10: 47-51.
Korzonek-Szlacheta, I., B. Hudzik, J. Nowak, J. Szkodzinski, J. Nowak, M. GÄ…sior and B. Zubelewicz-Szkodzinska, 2018. Mean platelet volume is associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels, 33: 1275-1281.
CoÅŸkun, C. and K. Åžahin, 2018. Correlation between vitamin D level and platelet indices in children aged 0-18 years. Med. Bull. Hasek, 56: 153-157.
Lee, M.Y., Y.J. Kim, H.J. Lee, S.Y. Cho and T.S. Park, 2016. Mean platelet volume in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. BioMed Res. Int., Vol. 2016.
Cure, M.C., E. Cure, S. Yuce, T. Yazici, I. Karakoyun and H. Efe, 2014. Mean platelet volume and vitamin D level. Ann. Lab. Med., 34: 98-103.
Holick, M.F., N.C. Binkley, H.A. Bischoff-Ferrari, C.M. Gordon and D.A. Hanley et al., 2011. Evaluation, treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 96: 1911-1930.
Smith, E. and V. Tangpricha, 2015. Vitamin D and anemia: Insights into an emerging association. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obesity, 22: 432-438.
Ernst, J.B., A. Tomaschitz, M.R. Grübler, M. Gaksch and K. Kienreich et al., 2016. Vitamin D supplementation and hemoglobin levels in hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial. Int. J. Endocrinol., Vol. 2016.
Kim, Y.L., H. Kim, Y.E. Kwon, D.R. Ryu and M.J. Lee et al., 2016. Association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia in patients with end-stage renal disease: A cross-sectional study. Yonsei Med. J., 57: 1159-1164.
Akbas, E.M., A. Gungor, A. Ozcicek, N. Akbas, S. Askin and M. Polat, 2016. Vitamin D and inflammation: evaluation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Arch. Med. Sci., 12: 721-727.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
