Effects of High - Protein, Low - Carbohydrate and Fat, Nigerian - like Diet on Biochemical Indices in Rabbits

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effects of high protein, low carbohydrate and fat (HP/LCF) Nigerian- like diet. Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups of six rabbits per group. The groups were; Group I, which was fed the control diet and the second group II, received the high protein, low carbohydrate and fat diet, containing 65% protein, 28% carbohydrate and 5% Palm oil. The diets were administered for 30 days. At the end of the feeding periods, biochemical analyses were done on the blood samples of rabbits. Results showed that the total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly (P<0.05) increased for the rabbits fed a HP/LCF diet. AST (Aspartate transaminase) and ALT (Alanine transaminase) levels increased significantly (P<0.05) while ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) decreased significantly (P<0.05). The value obtained for serum electrolyte concentrations show a significant (P<0.05) increase in sodium and chloride ions when compared with control. Although, potassium increased significantly, the increase was lower than that observed for sodium and chloride ions. Bicarbonate ions showed significant increase (P<0.05). Urea values showed significant (P<0.05) increased levels. However, Creatinine levels did not show a significant (P<0.05) increase. Total cholesterol levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced. The lipoprotein fractions showed significant (P<0.05) elevated HDL levels. Triacylglycerol levels and LDL-Cholesterol levels showed no significant change when compared with controls. From the results, the HP/LCF Nigerian diet promotes low total cholesterol levels while increasing the protective HDL-Cholesterol levels. The LDL-Cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels did not change significantly. The increased serum urea levels, AST and ALT levels are indicative of dysfunctional liver and kidney.