The Effect of Altitude and Dietary Protein Level on Local Ducks Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2013.917.923Keywords:
Altitude, Pitalah duck, protein levelsAbstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of altitude and dietary protein level on performance of local ducks. Two hundred and forty of female Pitalah ducks 14 weeks old were used in this study. Ducks reared on high altitude (H) and low altitude (L). The research was carried out by using Split-plot arrangement in a Randomized Block Design with the H and L as main-plot and the dietary protein level (PL: T-1 = 14, T-2 = 16, T-3 = 18% protein) as sub-plot. Treatments were done when duck was 16 weeks old. Observations were made after the production of duck was 10 %. The environment and rectal temperature were recorded daily. Variables such as: feed intake, protein intake, egg production (Duck day and Egg mass) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were observed weekly. The altitude were highly significantly (P<0.01) influenced on feed intake, protein intake, egg production (Duck day and Egg mass) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). PL were not significant (P>0.05) affect to feed intake but significantly (P<0.05) increased duck day production and highly significant (P<0.01) increased egg mass and FCR. There was no interaction (P>0.05) between altitude and dietary of protein level. The results of this study showed that the performance of the duck raised on the H was better than L. The increasing of protein level up to 18% have been given the best performance of Pitalah duck.
References
Abbas, M.H., 2004. Poultry Management. Andalas University, Padang.
Amrullah, I.K., 2003. Poultry Nutrition. Lembaga Satu Gunungbudi, Bogor.
Anggorodi, H.R., 1995. Assorted Poultry Nutrition. PT Gramedia, Jakarta.
Arjona, A.A., D.M. Denbow and W.D. Weaver, 1988. Effect of heat stress early in life on mortality of broilers exposed to high environmental temperatures just prior to marketing. Poult. Sci., 67: 226-231.
Baile, C.A. and J. Mayer, 1970. Hypothalamic Center: Fedbacks and Receptor Sites in the Short-Term Control of Intake. In: Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant, Philipson, A.T. (Ed.). Oriel Press, New Castle, England, pp: 1-10.
Bell, D.D. and W.D. Weaver, 2002. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production. 5th Edn., Springer Science & Business Media Inc., New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9780792372004, Pages: 1365.
Bouverot, P., G. Hildwein and D. Le Goff, 1974. Evaporative water loss, respiratory pattern, gas exchange and acid-base balance during thermal panting in Pekin ducks exposed to moderate heat. Respir. Physiol., 21: 255-269.
Cole, D.J.A and W. Haresign, 1989. Recent Development in Poultry Nutrition. University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Nottingham.
Cole, H.H., 1996. Introduction to Livestock Production. 11th Edn., Lea and Febiger, Philadelpia.
Daghir, N.J., 2008. Poultry Production in Hot Climates. 2nd Edn., CAB International, Wallingford, Oxford, UK., ISBN-13: 9781845934170, Pages: 387.
Forbes, J.M., 1985. The Voluntary Food Intake of Farm Animals. Butterworths and Co. Ltd., London.
Hurwitz, S., M. Weiselberg, U. Eisner, I. Bartov and G. Riesenfeld et al., 1980. The energy requirements and performance of growing chickens and turkeys as affected by environmental temperature. Poult. Sci., 59: 2290-2299.
Ivy, R.E. and E.W. Glaves, 1996. Effect of egg production level dietry protein and energy on feed consumtion and nutrition requirement of laying hens. Poult. Sci., 55: 2166-2171.
Ketaren, P.P., 2002. [Nutrient requirement of egg and meat type duck]. Wartazoa, 12: 37-46, (In Indonesian).
Ketaren, P.P. and L.H. Prasetyo, 2000. Productivity of MA ducks in Ciawi and Cirebon. Proceeding of the National Seminar on Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, (AHV'00), Livestock Research Centers, Research Institute and Agricultural Development.
Kusnadi, E., 2006. Supplementation of vitamin C as anti heat-stress agent of broilers. JITV, 11: 249-253.
Chavez, E.R. and A. Lasmini, 1978. Comparative performance of native Indonesia egg laying duck. Centre for Animal research and Development, Ciawi, Bogor.
Leeson, S. and J.D. Summers, 2001. Scoot's Nutrition of the Chicken. 4th Edn., Nottingham University Press, England.
Lu, Q., J. Wen and H. Zhang, 2007. Effect of chronic heat exposure on fat deposition and meat quality in two genetic types of chicken. Poult. Sci., 86: 1059-1064.
NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Rev. Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 978-0-309-04892-7, Pages: 176.
Pan, C., M., C.L. Lin and P.C. Chen, 1981. Protein and energy requirements of Tsaya (Anasplatyrhynchos var. domestica). Taiwan Livestock Res., 14: 39-44.
Setioko, A.R., 1990. Development pattern of duck poultry in Indonesia. Duck Bussines Development at Central Java, Sub-Livestock Research Centers, Klepu.
Seyrek, K., C. Yenisey, M. Serter, F. Kargın Kıral, P.A. Ulutas and H.E. Bardakcioglu, 2004. Effects of dietary vitamin C supplementation on some biochemical parameters of laying Japanese quails exposed to heat stress (34.8°C). Revue Med. Vet., 156: 339-342.
Soribasya, S., 1989. Dairy Cattle: Type Maintenance Engineering and Business Analysis. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.
Steel, R.G.D and J.H Torrie, 1995. Priciples and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
Wahju, J., 1997. Poultry Nutrition. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Whittow, G.C., 2000. Sturkie's Avian Physiology. 5th Edn., Academic Press, San Diego, CA., USA., ISBN-13: 9780127476056, Pages: 685.
Wilson, E.K., F.W. Pierson, P.Y. Hester, R.L. Adams and W.J. Stadelman, 1980. The effects of high environmental temperature on feed passage time and performance traits of White Pekin ducks. J. Poult. Sci., 59: 2322-2330.
Yahav, S., A. Straschnow, I. Plavnik and S. Hurwitz, 1996. Effects of diurnally cycling versus constant temperatures on chicken growth and food intake. Br. Poult. Sci., 37: 43-54.
Yahav, S. and S. Hurwitz, 1996. Induction of thermotolerance in male broiler chickens by temperature conditioning at an early age. Poult. Sci., 75: 402-406.
Yahav, S., 1999. Effect of early-egg thermal conditioning and food restriction of performance and thermotolerance of male broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 40: 120-126.
Yasin, S., 1988. Functions and Role of Nutrients in the Ration. PT. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
