Assessing the Level of Awareness about Malnutrition and Poor Drinking Water Affecting Child Health in District Chiniot, Punjab, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2013.978.982Keywords:
Awareness, malnutrition, Pakistan, poor drinking waterAbstract
This study investigates the level of awareness about malnutrition and poor drinking water on the child health in Chiniot. Lack of improved drinking water and sanitation services causes major diseases like diarrhea affecting health status and mortality among children. Using a quantitative data, the study’s major objective was to determine whether access to improved sources of water and nutrition in Chiniot are affective for health of children who are less than five years of age. Potential mechanism behind the relationships between child health and different types of water supply and sanitation services are also explored. Data were collected from different villages of Chiniot. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect a sample of 200 respondents. Interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection. The main objectives of this study were to study the awareness of rural people about the effects of malnutrition and poor water supply on child health. The major findings of this study are that mostly people in rural settings have not awareness about malnutrition, poor drinking water and children health. Mostly people are less educated and pay no attention on children health.
References
Almond, D. and J. Currie, 2011. Killing me softly: The fetal origins hypothesis. J. Econ. Perspect., 25: 153-172.
Bennett, S., 1995. Cardiovascular risk factors in Australia: Trends in socioeconomic inequalities. J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health, 49: 363-372.
Black, R.E. and S. Sazawal, 2001. Zinc and childhood infectious disease morbidity and mortality. Br. J. Nutr., 85: S125-S129.
Briend, A., 1990. Is diarrhoea a major cause of malnutrition among the under-fives in developing countries? A review of available evidence. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 44: 611-628.
Gomez, F., R.R. Galvan, J. Cravioto and S. Frenk, 1955. Malnutrition in infancy and childhood, with special reference to kwashiorkor. Adv. Pediatr., 7: 131-169.
Government of Pakistan, 2012. Pakistan integrated household survey 2011-12. Federal Bureau of Statistics, Islamabad.
Heller, L., E.A. Colosimo and C.M.D.F. Antunes, 2003. Environmental sanitation conditions and health impact: A case-control study. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 36: 41-50.
Hutton, G., L. Haller and J. Bartram, 2007. Economic and health effects of increasing coverage of low cost household drinking-water supply and sanitation interventions to countries off-track to meet MDG target 10. Public Health and the Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Egboka, B.C., G.I. Nwankwor, I.P. Orajaka and A.O. Ejiofor, 1989. Principles and problems of environmental pollution of groundwater resources with case examples from developing countries. Environ. Health Perspect., 83: 39-68.
Khor, G.L., 2003. Update on the prevalence of malnutrition among children in Asia. Nepal Med. Coll. J., 5: 113-122.
Kramer, M.S. and R. Kakuma, 2001. The Optimal Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Mahmood, N. and S.M. Ali, 2002. The disease pattern and utilisation of health care services in Pakistan. Pak. Dev. Rev., 41: 745-757.
Murray, C.J.L. and A.D. Lopez, 1996. The global burden of diseases: A comparative assessment to mortality, disability from disease, injury and risk factors in 1990 projected to 2020. The Global Burden of Diseases and Injury Series, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA.
Pelletier, D.L. and E.A. Frongillo, 2002. Changes in child survival are strongly associated with changes in malnutrition in developing countries. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) Project, Academy for Educational Development, Washington DC.
Rahman, A. H. Lovel, J. Bunn, Z. Iqbal and R. Harrington, 2004. Mothers mental health and infant growth: A case-control study from Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Child Care Health Dev., 30: 21-27.
Thomas, D., J. Strauss and M.H. Henriques, 1990. Child survival, height for age and household characteristics in Brazil. J. Dev. Econ., 33: 197-234.
United Nations, 2011. We can end poverty 2015: Millennium development goals. http://www.un.org/en/mdg/summit2010/.
De Onis, M., 2006. Assessment of differences in linear growth among populations in the WHO multicentre growth reference study. Acta Paediatrica, 95: 56-65.
WHO, 2000. The international drinking water supply and sanitation decade: end of decade review (WHO/CWS/92.12). World Health Organization, Geneva.
WHO, 2012. Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, updated and expanded forintegrated care. World Health Organization, Geneva.
World Bank, 2005. Bolivia poverty assessment: Establishing the basis for pro-poor growth. Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Washington, DC.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.