Antibacterial Activity Testing and Ethanol Extract Characterization of Oil Palm Fronds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2018.427.433Keywords:
Antibacterial, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, extract ethanol, oil palm frond, steroid, tanninAbstract
Background and Objective: Oil palm fronds are palm oil plantation waste material that can be utilized as feed and have antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This study was conducted to examine the antibacterial activity and identify the components of the ethanol extract of oil palm fronds. Materials and Methods: Oil palm frond extraction was performed using the maceration method in 96% ethanol. Identification of the extract was performed by phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity tests involved the paper disc method with a 5% extract concentration. The test bacteria were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Measurements were made through observation and the results were then compared with those in the literature. Antibacterial activity was measured according to the zone of inhibition based on the diameter of the clear zone formed around the well. Results: The maceration process using 96% ethanol resulted in 30.65 g of extract. Oil palm fronds contained tannins and steroids according to phytochemical screening. Oil palm ethanol extract has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with low activity (2 mm zone of inhibition). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that oil palm frond extract can be utilized as a natural antibacterial source.
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