Effects of Carica papaya Seed and Leaf Extracts on Anopheles sp. Larval Mortality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.946.952Keywords:
Anopheles sp., bioassay, Carica papaya extracts, larvicide, malaria cases, papaya leave extractAbstract
Background and Objective: Insecticide resistance and environmental damage are impacts of the continuous application of synthetic larvicides; therefore, alternative larvicides are necessarily for Malaria vector control. The study aimed to analyze the effect of Carica papaya seed and leaf extracts on Anopheles sp. larval mortality. Materials and Methods: The study method involved a post-test only control group experimental design. Third and fourth instar larvae of a field strain of Anopheles sp. were collected from a paddy field habitat. Fresh C. papaya seeds and leaves were obtained from a garden located in the Tanete subdistrict. The C. papaya seeds and leaves were extracted with 70 % methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. A bioassay test was carried out in three different concentrations of each extract and a control. Larval mortality was observed during 12 h in three replicates. Further, a field trial on each extract as a larvicide was conducted in Anopheles sp. habitat in Tanete, Bulukumba, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Results: Phytochemical screening of the C. papaya seed extract revealed the presence of tannins and terpenoids. The C. papaya leaf extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and steroids. The LC50 value of the C. papaya seed extract reached a 3.9% concentration and The LT50 value was 5 min (p<0.05). The LC50 value of the C. papaya leaf extract reached a 2.8% concentration and The LT50 value was 60 min (p>0.05). The LC50 value of the mixed C. papaya seed and leaf extract reached a 2.6% concentration and The LT50 value was 5 min (p>0.05). The field trial of the C. papaya extract showed that the seed and mixed seed and leaf extracts both demonstrated a 100% larval density reduction, whereas the leaf extract only showed a 91% reduction (Mulla’s formulae). Conclusion: The C. papaya seed extract had a significant effect on the Anopheles sp. larval mortality, whereas the other extracts (leaf and mixed seed and leaf extracts) had no significant effect. The C. papaya seed and mixed seed and leaf extracts were indicated as effective larvicid for Malaria vector control.
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