Alternative Indices for the Assessment of Nutritional Quality of Balanced Diet of Indonesian Children 4-6 Years Old
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2015.716.720Keywords:
Balanced diet index, dietary quality, food groups, Indonesian childrenAbstract
The objective of this study was to develop alternative indices for the assessment of nutritional quality of the diet of Indonesian children aged 4-6 years old. This study used the food consumption data of the Basic Health Research 2010. The food consumption data were collected using 24-h food recall method through a cross-sectional study. Total subject of this study after data screening was 10221 children 4-6 years. The nutritional quality (NQ) of 15 nutrients was used as a gold standard in the validity testing of the indices. The results showed that the most valid index (r = 0.6) was the index with a continue scoring system of six food groups (carbohydrate foods, vegetables, fruits, animal protein foods, plant protein foods, and milks) without considering fat, saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium intakes. The simplest and valid (r = 0.58) index was the index with a three levels discrete scoring system of the same six food groups.
References
Amjad, M., M.I. Zafar, A.A. Maan and S. Ali, 2015. Obesity is a threat to our school going children. Pak. J. Nutr., 14: 118-125.
Amrin, A.P., Hardinsyah and C.M. Dwiriani, 2013. Balanced diet indices for the assessment of nutritional quality of the diet of Indonesian adult males. J. Nutr. Food, 8: 167-174.
FAO., 2008. Fats and Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition: Report of an Expert Consultation. Food Agricultural Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN-13: 978-92-5-106733-8, Pages: 166.
Gibson, R.S., 2005. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. 2nd Edn., Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN-13: 9780195171693, Pages: 908.
Guenther, P.M., J. Reedy and S.M. Krebs-Smith, 2008. Development of the healthy eating index-2005. J. Am. Dietetic Assoc., 108: 1896-1901.
Guenther, P.M., K.O. Casavale, J. Reedy, S.I. Kirkpatrick and H.A.B. Hiza et al., 2013. Update of the healthy eating index: HEI-2010. J. Acad. Nutr. Dietetics, 113: 569-580.
Muhammad, I.Y. and M. Saleem, 2010. Nutritional status of mothers and children in Pakistan as compared to other neighbouring South Asian countries. Pak. J. Nutr., 9: 302-306.
MOHI., 2014. Basic health research 2013. Ministry of Health of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
MOHI., 2014. Balanced Diet Guidlines (BDG). Ministry of Health of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Koletzko, B., B. Brands and H. Demmelmair, 2011. The early nutrition programming project (EARNEST): 5 y of successful multidisciplinary collaborative research. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 94: 1749S-1753S.
Perdana, S.M., Hardinsyah and E. Damayanti, 2014. Alternative of balanced diet index to assess nutritional quality of diet in Indonesian adult females. J. Nutr. Food, 9: 43-50.
Pertiwi, K.I., Hardinsyah and K.R. Ekawidyani, 2014. Food and nutrient consumption and desirable dietary pattern score of school-age children 7-12 years old in Indonesia. J. Nutr. Food, 9: 117-124.
Prasetyo, T.J., Hardinsyah and T. Sinaga, 2013. Food and nutrients intake and desirable dietary pattern score of indonesian children aged 2-6 Years. J. Nutr. Food, 8: 159-166.
Sawaya, A.L., P.A. Martins, V.J. Baccin Martins, T.T. Florencio, D. Hoffman, M.C.P. Franco and J. das Neves, 2009. Malnutrition, long-term health and the effect of nutritional recovery. Nestle Nutr. Workshop Ser. Pediatr. Program, 63: 95-108.
Taechangam, S., U. Pinitchun and C. Pachotikarn, 2008. Development of nutrition education tool: Healthy eating index in Thailand. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 17: 365-367.
Victora, C.G., L. Adair, C. Fall, P.C. Hallal, R. Martorell, L. Richter and H.S. Sachdev, 2008. Maternal and child undernutrition: Consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet, 371: 340-357.
WHO., 2003. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. WHO Technical Report Series No. 916, Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Blossner, M., A. Siyam, E. Borghi, A. Onyango and M. de Onis, 2009. WHO Anthroplus for personal computers manual: Software for assessing growth of the world's children and adolescents. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO., 2014. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland, Pages: 298.
WHO., 2015. Guideline, Sugars Intake for Adults and Children. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN-13: 9789241549028, Pages: 50.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
