Correlation Between Nutritional Status and Lifestyle for Youth Soccer Athlete Performance: A Cohort Study
Authors
- Mirza Hapsari Sakti Titis Penggalih Department of Health Nutrition, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Mohammad Juffrie Department of Pediatric, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
-
Toto Sudargo
Department of Health Nutrition, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Zaenal Muttaqien Sofro Department of Physiology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2017.895.905Keywords:
Alcohol, athlete, caffeine, cigarette, exercise, football, hydration, nutrition, performanceAbstract
Background and Objective: Factors that influence athletes’ physical performance include somatic factors, training adaptation, nutrition, cigarette, alcohol and caffeine consumption habits and psychological factors. As one of the elements that affect an athlete’s performance, nutrition is often overlooked by athletes, trainers and stakeholders in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status, exercise and cigarette, alcohol and caffeine consumption habits and youth soccer athletes’ performance. Methods: This observational study used a longitudinal cohort design. Subjects were observed for a 4 months period. A total of 131 youth soccer athletes participated in the study. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the relationship between all the predictor variables and the athletes’ performance using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests. Results: Anthropometric measurements, biochemical, clinical, food and fluid intake factors were found to be significantly related to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) (p<0.05). Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, food and fluid intake factors had an effect on VO2 max: r = 0.552, r = 0.215, r = 0.424 and r = 0.553, respectively. The correlations across all variables were significant (p = 0.000), with a value of r = 0.698, if smoking habits, alcohol consumption, caffeine and exercise factors were neglected. The r-value increased to r = 0.706 for the following variables, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and caffeine consumption. The r-value increased to r = 0.725 by adding the exercise factor. Furthermore, it was found that variable body mass index (BMI) for age, ectomorph body type, heart rate, fluid intake and exercise were the main factors affecting VO2 max (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nutritional factors (69.8%) were found to have the greatest impact on an athlete’s performance. The nutritional factors that had the greatest impact on performance are: BMI for age, ectomorph body type, heart rate and fluid intake without ignoring the exercise factor. Exercise and nutritional factors were found to have a 72.5% impact on an athlete’s performance.
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