Consumption and Body Weight of Bali Cows Fed Only Forage from a Palm Oil Plantation Under Indonesian Tropical Environmental Conditions
Authors
- Eny Endrawati Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University, Jl. Pertamina Kampus II Unkhair Gambesi Kota Ternate Selatan, Indonesia
- Panjono Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Bambang Suhartanto Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
-
Endang Baliarti
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2020.86.90Keywords:
Bali cows, feed consumption, forage, Indonesia, oil palm plantation, pregnant cows, tropical environmentAbstract
Background and Objective: An integrated system of cattle with oil palm plantations in Indonesia has the potential to increase the cattle population in a sustainable manner. This study aimed to assess the adequacy of Bali cow nutrient consumption and body weight of cows fed only with forage from oil palm plantations under Indonesian tropical environmental conditions. Materials and Methods: Twelve Bali cows were divided into two physiological groups, i.e., five pregnant cows and seven nonpregnant cows were observed to determine their feed consumption. Cows were given only forage from oil palm plantations in Riau Province, Indonesia that contained 22.24% dry matter (DM), 10.67% crude protein (CP),36.85% crude fiber (CF) and 54.37% total digestible nutrients (TDN). The observation of consumption was performed on cows in individual cages for seven consecutive days. Results: The results showed that when the cows were only fed with forage from oil palm plantations, the nutrient requirements of the cows were not met. For the pregnant cows, the DM deficiency was 2.76±0.20 kg head–1 day–1 (44.29±2.56 g kg–1 BW0.75 day–1), the CP deficiency was 176.0±35.8 g head–1 day–1 (2.83±0.62 g kg–1 BW0.75 day–1) and the TDN deficiency was 1.39±0.20 kg head–1 day–1 (22.30±1.58 g kg–1 BW0.75 day–1).For the nonpregnant cows, the DM deficiency was 2.01±0.41 kg head–1 day–1 (32.77±5.85 g kg–1 BW0.75 day–1), the CP deficiency was 81.4±40.5 g head–1 day–1 (1.30±0.65 g kg–1 BW0.75 day–1) and the TDN deficiency was 1.03±0.22 kg head–1 day–1 (16.80±3.16 g kg–1 BW0.75 day–1). After four months of observation, the average weight of the cows of each group decreased. Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that Bali cow fed only forage from oil palm plantations did not consume enough to meet their nutrient requirements; additional nutrients are needed regardless of the pregnancy status of the cows.
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