Manipulation of Rumen Ecology by Malate and Cassava Hay in High-Quality Feed Block in Dairy Steers


Authors

  • Sittisak Khampa Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, P.O. Box 44000, Thailand
  • Pala Chaowarat Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, P.O. Box 44000, Thailand
  • Uthai Koatdoke Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, P.O. Box 44000, Thailand
  • Rungson Singhalert Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, P.O. Box 44000, Thailand
  • Metha Wanapat Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, P.O. Box 40002, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.814.817

Keywords:

Cassava hay, dairy steers, high-quality feed block, malate, rumen ecology

Abstract

Four, dairy steers were randomly assigned according to a 2x2 Factorial arrangement in a 4x4 Latin square design to study supplementation of malate level at 500 and 1,000 g and cassava hay in high-quality feed block. The treatments were as follows: T1 = supplementation of high-quality feed block without cassava hay + malate at 500 g; T2 = supplementation of high-quality feed block without cassava hay + malate at 1,000 g; T3 = supplementation of high-quality feed block with cassava hay + malate at 500 g; T4 = supplementation of high-quality feed block with cassava hay + malate at 1,000 g, respectively. The cows were offered the treatment concentrate at 1.0% BW and ruzi grass was fed ad libitum. The results have revealed that populations of protozoa and fungal zoospores were significantly different as affected by malate level and cassava hay supplementation. However, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites were similar for all treatments. In conclusion, the combined use of cassava hay and malate at 1,000 g in high-quality feed block with concentrates containing high levels of cassava chip at 65% DM could highest improved rumen ecology in dairy steers.

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Published

15.05.2009

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 6 (2009)

Section

Research Article

License

Copyright (c) 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

How to Cite

Khampa, S., Chaowarat, P., Koatdoke, U., Singhalert, R., & Wanapat, M. (2009). Manipulation of Rumen Ecology by Malate and Cassava Hay in High-Quality Feed Block in Dairy Steers. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(6), 814–817. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.814.817

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