Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities in Cemba (Albizia lebbeckoides [DC.] Benth) Leaf Extracts from Enrekang District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.364.371Keywords:
Albizia lebbeckoides, antioxidant activity, natural agent, phytochemical screening, plant extractAbstract
Background and Objective: The Cemba plant (Albizia lebbeckoides [DC.] Benth) is one of the members of the genus Albizia and has potential as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the Cemba leaf extract (CLE). Materials and Methods: CLE was obtained from Cemba leaf powder macerated using aqueous ethanol (EtOH), aqueous food grade ethanol (FGEtOH) and distilled water (DW). The extract was filtered and evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator at 40°C until reaching 1/20 of the initial volume. The obtained filtrate was freeze-dried using a freeze-drying machine for 48 h. The obtained CLE was analysed for phytochemical compounds and measured for yield percentage, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The antibacterial activities of the CLEs were evaluated based on their inhibition activities against six pathogenic bacterial species using the disc diffusion method. The antioxidant activity and the antioxidant capacity of the CLEs were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method. Results: Phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids and tannins were found in the CLEs extracted using several solvents. The antimicrobial assay indicated that the CLEs all had antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The highest inhibition zone (p<0.05) was obtained in the CLE extracted by EtOH (15.16±0.56). The highest antioxidant activity was noted in the CLE extracted by EtOH, resulting in IC50 and antioxidant capacity values of 2.82±0.05 mg mL–1 and 14.72±0.14 mg VCE g–1, respectively. Conclusion: it is concluded that CLE has potential as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant.
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