Effect of Temulawak (Curcumin xanthorrhiza Roxb) Extract on Reduction Of MDA (Malondialdehyde) Levels of Football Athletes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2013.842.850Keywords:
Athletes, MDA (Malondialdehyde), SOD (superoxide dismutase), temulawakAbstract
Temulawak has a role as antioxidant to prevent oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess the effect of temulawak extract on the MDA level (Malondialdehyde) of athletes. The double blind control trials were used, conducted on thirty five football athletes aged 14-18 years of Student Education and Exercise Center. The students were grouped and each received one of five different treatments for 21 days as follows: capsules of temulawak extract which contain of (1) curcumin of 250 mg (2) curcumin of 500 mg (3) curcumin of 750 mg, (4) capsule of multivitamin and mineral (which contain 5000 IU of beta carotene, 200 IU of vitamin E, 500 mg of vitamin C, Zn of 15 mg, selenium of 50 mcg) and (5) placebo, which received a capsule contain of cellulose (avizel). The characteristics of samples of five treatments were not significantly different (p>0.05). Before intervention were no significantly different on mean of MDA and SOD in five treatment groups (p>0.05). After intervention, the MDA level in all groups were decreased, except in placebo group. ANOVA test showed that there were mean differences of MDA level on five groups of interventions (p<0.05). ANCOVA test showed that mean reduction of MDA level on placebo group were significantly different with group received capsules which contain curcumin of 250, 500 and 750 mg/day and MVM (p<0.05). Temulawak extract had capability to reduce MDA level, significantly. The highest reduction of MDA level was done by administration of temulawak extract which contain curcumin 750 mg.
References
Clarkson, P.M. and H.S. Thompson, 2000. Antioxidants: What role do they play in physical activity and health? Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 72: 637S-646S.
Cooke, M.B., E. Rybalka, C.G. Stathis, P.J. Cribb and A. Hayes, 2010. Whey protein isolate attenuates strength decline after eccentrically-induced muscle damage in healthy individuals. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr., Vol. 7.
Davis, J.M., E.A. Murphy, M.D. Carmichael, M.R. Zielinski and C.M. Groschwitz et al., 2007. Curcumin effects on inflammation and performance recovery following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 292: R2168-R2173.
Goldberg, I., 1994. Functional Foods: Designer Foods, Pharmafoods, Nutraceuticals. Chapman and Hall, London, UK., ISBN-13: 9780834216884, Pages: 571.
Gunarsa, S.D., 2011. [Psychology for Family]. PT BPK Gunung Mulia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Halliwell, B. and J.M.C. Gutteridge, 1999. Free Radical in Biology and Medicine. 3rd Edn., Oxford University Press, London, ISBN: 9780198568681.
Hosseinzadeh, S., V.D. Roshan and S. Mahjoub, 2013. Continuous exercise training and curcumin attenuate changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress induced by lead acetate in the hippocampus of male rats. Pharm. Biol., 51: 240-245.
Hussein, H.K. and O.A. Abu-Zinadah, 2010. Antioxidant effect of curcumin extracts in induced diabetic Wister rats. Int. J. Zool. Res., 6: 266-276.
Jayaprakasha, G.K., L.J.M. Rao and K.K. Sakariah, 2005. Chemistry and biological activities of C. longa. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 16: 533-548.
Kalpravidh, R.W., N. Siritanaratkul, P. Insain, R. Charoensakdi and N. Panichkul et al., 2010. Improvement in oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in β-thalassemia/Hb E patients treated with curcuminoids. Clin. Biochem., 43: 424-429.
Kim, J.D., R.J.M. McCarter and B.P. Yu, 1996. Influence of age, exercise, and dietary restriction on oxidative stress in rats. Aging Clin. Exp. Res., 8: 123-129.
Kiyatno, K., 2008. [Effect of submaximal physical activity, time of administration of antioxidant vitamins and fitness level of the muscle condition]. Ph.D. Thesis, State University of Semarang, Indonesia.
Kiyatno, K., 2009. [Antioxidant vitamins and muscle damage in experimental study of physical activity on student guidance and counseling JPOK-UNS Surakarta]. Media Medika Indonesiana, 43: 277-281.
Kunchandy, E. and M.N.A. Rao, 1990. Oxygen radical scavenging activity of curcumin. Int. J. Pharm., 58: 237-240.
Leeuwenburgh, C. and J.W. Heinecke, 2001. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in exercise. Curr. Med. Chem., 8: 829-838.
Majeed, M., 1995. Curcuminoids: Antioxidant Phytonutrients. Nutriscience Publisher, Piscataway, New Jersey, pp: 1-78.
Munro, B.H., 1997. Statistical Methods for Health Care Research. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, New York, USA., pp: 138-223.
Nethery, D., D. Stofan, L. Callahan, A. DiMarco and G. Supinski, 1999. Formation of reactive oxygen species by the contracting diaphragm is PLA2dependent. J. Applied Physiol., 87: 792-800.
Oh-Ishi, S., T. Kizaki, T. Ookawara, T. Sakurai, T. Izawa, N. Nagata and H. Ohno, 1997. Endurance training improves the resistance of rat diaphragm to exercise-induced oxidative stress. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 156: 1579-1585.
Pedersen, B.K. and L. Hoffman-Goetz, 2000. Exercise and the immune system: Regulation, integration and adaptation. Physiol. Rev., 80: 1055-1081.
Santoso, S., 2002. SPSS Statistic Multivariat. PT Gramedia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Senturk, U.K., F. Gunduz, O. Kuru, M.R. Aktekin and D. Kipmen et al., 2001. Exercise-induced oxidative stress affects erythrocytes in sedentary rats but not exercise-trained rats. J. Applied Physiol., 91: 1999-2004.
Senturk, U.K, F. Gunduz, O. Kuru, G. Kocer and Y.G. Ozkaya et al., 2005. Exercise-induced oxidative stress leads hemolysis in sedentary but not trained humans. J. Applied Physiol., 99: 1434-1441.
Shen, L.R., F. Xiao, P. Yuan, Y. Chen and Q.K. Gao et al., 2013. Curcumin-supplemented diets increase superoxide dismutase activity and mean lifespan in Drosophila. Age, 35: 1133-1142.
Simanjuntak, K., 2007. [Free radicals of toxic compounds carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)]. Bina Widya, 18: 25-31.
Soni, K.B. and R. Kuttan, 1992. Effect of oral curcumin administration on serum peroxides and cholesterol levels in human volunteers. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 36: 273-275.
Suroyo, M.F., 2001. [Effect of addition of curcumin and reoxygenation against time number of free radicals in the process of marmots isolated cardiac reperfusion]. Ph.D. Thesis, IPB Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.
Sutrisno, D., M. Sukarianingsih, A. Saiful, D.I. Putrika and Kusumaningtyas, 2008. Curcuminoids from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb: Isolation, characterization, identification and analysis of antioxidant activity. Proceeding of the 1st International Symposium on Temulawak, May 27-29, 2008, Bogor, Indonesia, pp: 225-233.
Tonnesen, H.H. and J.V. Greenhill, 1992. Studies on curcurnin and curcuminoids. 22: Curcumin as a reducing agent and as a radical scavenger. Int. J. Pharm., 87: 79-87.
Jay, U., S. Betsy, S. Vijay and S. Elizabeth, 2009. BounceBack™ capsules for reduction of DOMS after eccentric exercise: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr., Vol. 6.
Valko, M., C.J. Rhodes, J. Moncol, M. Izakovic and M. Mazur, 2006. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem. Biol. Interact., 160: 1-40.
White, J.P., J.M. Wilson, K.G. Austin, B.K. Greer, N. St John and L.B. Panton, 2008. Effect of carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on acute exercise-induced muscle damage. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr., Vol. 5.
Winarsi, H., 2011. [Natural Antioxidants and Radical]. Canisius, Jakarta, Indonesia, ISBN-13: 9789792116120.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
