Seasonal Forage Availability, Nutrient Composition and Mineral Concentrations of Imported Breed Cattle at the Padang Mangatas Breeding Center for Beef Cattle in West Sumatra, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2016.1034.1041Keywords:
Beef cattle nutrition, dry matter, mineral concentration, minerals, tropical forageAbstract
Background and Objective: Grazing pasture is presumably able to fulfill fodder requirement for a greater population of breeding cattle, whereas low reproductive rates are most likely caused by mineral deficiency in soil and grazing forages. The present study aimed to evaluate seasonal availability and nutrient composition of pastures in relation to carrying capacity and mineral concentrations of imported breed cattle by considering the mineral profiles of soils, forages and blood plasma samples. Materials and Methods: Samples of forage and soils were collected from 75 sampling points at 15 pasture paddocks during wet and dry seasons. Sample of forages were used for estimation of botanical composition of planted forage species, biomass production and carrying capacity and then analyzed for Dry Matter (DM), crude nutrient, fiber fraction and minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Se and Zn) the same minerals were also analyzed in soil samples. Blood samples were collected from 15 female Simmentals, including heifers and pregnant and non-pregnant cows of each 5 animals. Blood plasma samples were analyzed for Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Se and Zn. Results: Pastures were dominated by the Brachiaria decumbens species of approximately 81-84%, while legumes were scarce (0.1-03%). Biomass production carrying capacity and fiber content of forages were significantly higher in the wet season, while DM and crude protein contents were higher in the dry season. Minerals of forages were not significantly affected by the seasons, some micro minerals Mn, Se, Cu and Zn were deficient in soil, forages and cattle. Conclusion: The stocking rate of the grazing pasture could be increased and that dietary supplementation of micro minerals (Mn, Cu, Se and Zn) is needed.
References
Khalil, M.N. Lestari, P. Sardilla and Hermon, 2015. The use of local mineral formulas as a feed block supplement for beef cattle fed on wild forages. Media Peternakan-J. Anim. Sci. Technol., 38: 34-41.
Fitriani, Y., 2016. Productivity and quality of pastures at the Padang Mangatas breeding center for beef cattle. B.Sc. Thesis, Andalas University, Indonesia.
Gillan, G., 2014. Australian dairy herd improvement report 2014. National Herd Improvement Association of Australia.
McGowan, M.R., K. McCosker, G. Fordyce, D. Smith and P.K. O'Rourke et al., 2014. North Australian beef fertility project: Cash cow. Final Report, Project B.NBP. 0382, Meat and Livestock Australia, Sydney.
Schatz, T.J. and M.N. Hearnden, 2008. Heifer fertility on commercial cattle properties in the Northern Territory. Anim. Prod. Sci., 48: 940-944.
Rukkwamsuk, T., 2011. Effect of nutrition on reproductive performance of postparturient dairy cows in the tropics: A review. Thai J. Vet. Med., 41: 103-107.
Swai, E.S., M.J. Bryant, E.D. Karimuribo, N.P. French and N.H. Ogden et al., 2005. A cross-sectional study of reproductive performance of smallholder dairy cows in coastal Tanzania. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 37: 513-525.
Lyimo, Z.C., R. Nkya, L. Schoonman and F.J.C.M. Van Eerdenburg, 2004. Post-partum reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cattle on smallholder farms in sub-humid coastal Tanzania. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 36: 269-279.
Khan, Z.I., M. Ashraf, K. Ahmad, I. Mustafa and M. Danish, 2007. Evaluation of micro minerals composition of different grasses in relation to livestock requirements. Pak. J. Bot., 39: 719-728.
Silvanus, S.K., N. Veronica, N. Hudson, J. Isaac and O. Fredrick, 2014. Assessment of mineral deficiencies among grazing areas in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci., 3: 44-48.
Khan, Z.I., M. Ashraf, A. Hussain and L.R. McDowell, 2006. Seasonal variation of trace elements in a semiarid veld pasture. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 37: 1471-1483.
Corah, L.R. and S. Ives, 1991. The effects of essential trace minerals on reproduction in beef cattle. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract., 7: 41-57.
Suttle, N.F., 1988. Predicting the risk of mineral deficiencies in grazing animals. South Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 18: 15-22.
Prabowo, A., L.R. McDowell, N.S. Wilkinson, C.J. Wilcox and J.H. Cornad, 1990. Mineral status of grazing cattle in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. 1. Macrominerals. Am. J. Anim. Sci., 4: 111-120.
Prabowo, A., L.R. McDowell, N.S. Wilkinson, C.J. Wilcox and J.H. Conrad, 1991. Mineral status of grazing cattle in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: 2. Microminerals. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 4: 121-130.
Sharma, M.C., P. Kumar, C. Joshi and H. Kaur, 2006. Status of serum minerals and biochemical parameters in cattle of organized farms and unorganized farms of Western Uttar Pradesh. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 1: 33-41.
Soetan, K.O., C.O. Olaiya and O.E. Oyewole, 2010. The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review. Afr. J. Food Sci., 4: 200-222.
Bahia, V.G., 1978. Technique of sampling and analysis of soil. Proceedings of the Latin American Symposium on Mineral Research with Grazing Ruminants, March 22-26, 1978, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, pp: 27-29.
Horwitz, W. and G.W. Latimer, 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Edn., AOAC International, Gaithersburg, Maryland, ISBN-13: 978-0935584752.
Goering, H.K. and P.J. Van Soest, 1970. Forage Fiber Analyses (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures and Some Applications). U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC., Pages: 20.
Rhue, R.D. and D. Kidder, 1983. Analytical procedures used by the IFAS extension soil testing laboratory and the interpretation of the results. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL., USA.
AAS., 1980. Analytical Methods for Atomic-Absorption Spectrophotometry. Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Norwalk, Connecticut, USA.
Steel, R., J. Torrie and D. Dickey, 1999. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 3rd Edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
SAS., 1997. Statistical Analysis System. User's Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Carry, NC., USA.
NRC., 1996. Nutrient Requirement of Beef Cattle. 7th Rev. Edn., National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
McDowell, L.R., 1997. Minerals for Grazing Ruminants in Tropical Regions. 3rd Edn., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Pages: 81.
Lean, I.J., P.J. DeGaris, D.M. McNeil and E. Block, 2006. Hypocalcemia in dairy cows: Meta-analysis and dietary cation anion difference theory revisited. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 669-684.
Yasothai, Y., 2014. Importance of minerals on reproduction in dairy cattle. Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol., 3: 2051-2057.
Choudhary, S. and A. Singh, 2004. Role of nutrition in reproduction: A review. Intas Polivet, 5: 229-234.
Kumar, S., 2003. Management of infertility due to mineral deficiency in dairy animals. Proceedings of the ICAR Summer School on Advance Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Approaches to Metabolic and Deficiency Diseases, July 15-August 4, 2003, I IVRI, Izatnagar, India, pp: 128-137.
Shisia, K.S., V. Ngure, H. Nyambaka and F.D.O. Oduor, 2013. Effect of pH and forage species on mineral concentrations in cattle breeds in major grazing areas of Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Applied Sci., 2: 247-254.
McDowell, L.R. and J.D. Arthington, 2005. Minerals for Grazing Ruminants in Tropical Regions. 4th Edn., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL., USA.
Theil, E.C., 2004. Iron, ferritin and nutrition. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 24: 327-343.
Nocek, J.E., M.T. Socha and D.J. Tomlinson, 2006. The effect of trace mineral fortification level and source on performance of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 2679-2693.
Smith, O.B. and O.O. Akinbamijo, 2000. Micronutrients and reproduction in farm animals. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 60-61: 549-560.
Kommisrud, E., O. Osteras and T. Vatn, 2005. Blood selenium associated with health and fertility in Norwegian dairy herds. Acta Vet. Scand., Vol. 46.
Mondal, M., S.K. Pyne and G. Samanta, 2016. Mineral status of feeds and fodder and its influence on livestock and its products in red lateritic zone of West Bengal. Int. J. Bio-Res. Environ. Agric. Sci., 2: 296-301.
Rojas, M.A., I.A. Dyer and W.A. Cassatt, 1965. Manganese deficiency in the bovine. J. Anim. Sci., 24: 664-667.
Djokovic, R.D., V.S. Kurcubic and Z.Z. Ilic, 2014. Blood serum levels of macro-and micronutrients in transition and full lactation cows. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 715-720.
Hansen, S.L., J.W. Spears, K.E. Lloyd and C.S. Whisnant, 2006. Growth, reproductive performance and manganese status of heifers fed varying concentrations of manganese. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 3375-3380.
Hansen, S.L., J.W. Spears, K.E. Lloyd and C.S. Whisnant, 2006. Feeding a low manganese diet to heifers during gestation impairs fetal growth and development. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 4305-4311.
Hidiroglou, M., 1979. Trace element deficiencies and fertility in ruminants: A review. J. Dairy Sci., 62: 1195-1206.
Legleiter, L.R., J.W. Spears and K.E. Lloyd, 2005. Influence of dietary manganese on performance, lipid metabolism and carcass composition of growing and finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci., 83: 2434-2439.
Khan, Z.I., K. Ahmad, M.K. Mukhtar, F. Mirzaei and G. Hussain, 2013. Assessment of pasture and plasma minerals of cows: A case study in Pakistan. Agric. Sci., 4: 57-61.
Prabowo, A., L.R. McDowell, N.S. Wilkinson, C.J. Wilcox and J.H. Conrad, 1990. Mineral status comparisons between grazing cattle and water buffalo in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Buffalo J., 1: 17-32.
Greene, L.W., A.B. Johnson, J.A. Paterson and R.P. Ansotegui, 1998. Role of trace minerals in cow-calf cycle examined. Feedstuffs, 70: 1-6.
Julien, W.E. and H.R. Conrad, 1976. Selenium and vitamin E and incidence of retained placenta in parturient dairy cows. II. Prevention in commercial herds with prepartum treatment. J. Dairy Sci., 59: 1960-1962.
Martin, G.B., C.L. White, C.M. Makery and M.A. Blackberry, 1994. Effects of dietary zinc deficiency on the reproductive system of young male sheep: Testicular growth and the secretion of inhibin and testosterone. J. Reprod. Fertil., 101: 87-96.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
