Research Article Open Access

S and P Mineral Supplementation of Ammoniated Palm Leaves as Ruminant Feed

Authors

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Suyitman
Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Campus Limau Manis, Padang, Indonesia
|
Lili Warly
Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Campus Limau Manis, Padang, Indonesia
|
Evitayani
Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Campus Limau Manis, Padang, Indonesia
DOI 10.3923/pjn.2013.903.906
PDF

Abstract

This study aims to obtain the best combination of mineral S and P levels on ammoniation palm leaves in order to improve the digestibility of palm leaves as ruminant feed. The study was conducted starting on June 17, 2013 until October 17, 2013. Ammoniated palm leaf samples supplemented with mineral sulfur and phosphorus are subjected to Proximate and Van Soest analysis in Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science Andalas University, Padang. The method used in this study is an experimental method using a factorial randomized block design (3x3) with 3 replications. The first factor is the treatment of mineral Sulfur with 3 levels: S0 = 0.0%, S1= 0.2% and S2 = 0.4% of DM. The second factor is the mineral P in 3 levels, ie P0 = 0.0%, P1 = 0.27% and P2 = 0.54% of the DM. Parameters measured were dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) organic matter, crude protein, NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose and characteristic rumen fluid: pH of the rumen fluid, the levels of VFA, NH3-N content of rumen fluid.

Keywords:

Ammoniation, in vitro, mineral S and P supplementation, palm leaves

Article Metrics

109 Abstract Views
99 File Views
0 Downloads

Article Citation Metrics

How to Cite

Suyitman, Warly, L., & Evitayani. (2013). S and P Mineral Supplementation of Ammoniated Palm Leaves as Ruminant Feed. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 12(10), 903–906. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2013.903.906

References

1.
Baldwin, R.L. and S.C. Denham, 1979. Quantitative and dynamic aspects of nitrogen metabolism in the rumen: A modeling analysis. J. Anim. Sci., 49: 1631-1637.
2.
Church, D.C. and W.G. Pond, 1988. Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding. 3rd Edn., John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, USA.
3.
Church, D.C., 1997. Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Ruminants, Vol. 1. Digestive Physiology. 2nd Edn., Jhon Wiley and Sons, New York.
4.
Djajanegara, A., 1979. A comparisons of techniques for determining the amount of by pass protein. M.Sc. Thesis, The Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The University of New England, Armedale.
5.
Hungate, R.E., 1966. The Rumen and its Microbes. Academic Press, London, Pages: 533.
6.
Komizarczuk, S. and M. Durand, 1991. Effect of Mineral on Microbial Metabolism. In: Rumen Microbial Metabolism and Ruminant Digestion, Jouany, J.P. (Eds.). INRA Publication, Versailes, France.
7.
Mehrez, A.Z., E.R. Orskov and I. McDonald, 1977. Rates of rumen fermentation in relation to ammonia concentration. Br. J. Nutr., 38: 437-443.
8.
Perdoks, H.B., R.A. Leng, S.H. Bird, G. Habib and Hovter, 1988. Improving Livestock Production from Straw-Based Diets. In: Increasing Small Ruminant Productivity in Semi-Arid Areas, Thompson, E.F. and F.S. Thompson, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Philip Drive Norwell, MA.
9.
Satter, L.D. and L.L. Slyter, 1974. Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. Br. J. Nutr., 32: 199-208.
10.
Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie, 1991. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edn., Scholastic Press, Jakarta.
11.
Tilley, J.M.A. and R.A. Terry, 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Grass Forage Sci., 18: 104-111.
12.
Van Soest, P.J., 1994. Nutritional Ecology of Ruminant. Cornell University Press, New York.
13.
Warly, L., A. Kamaruddin, Hermon, R.W.S. Ningrat and Elihasridas, 1998. Utilization of agro-industrial by-product as a food ingredient ruminants (evaluation in vivo). Competitive Grant Research Report V/2 College of Fiscal Year 1997/1998. Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Andalas University, Padang.
14.
Widjaja, E. and B.N. Utomo, 2001. Utilization of oil palm solid waste as a feed supplement ruminants in Central Kalimantan. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technology, April 22-25, 2001, Bogor, Indonesia, pp: 262-268.

Most read articles by the same author(s)