Evaluation of Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr] Waste Fermented Using Different Local Microorganism Solutions as Poultry Feed

Abstract

Background and Objective: The utilization of pineapple waste as poultry feed is limited due to the high crude fiber and water contents and the low protein content. The crude fiber content in pineapple waste can be reduced by simple fermentation using local, naturally beneficial microorganism solutions, particularly cellulolytic microorganisms. Local microorganisms can be obtained from rice waste, bamboo sprouts, banana corms, mixed fruit waste and mixed vegetable waste. Thus, this study evaluated the nutrient content of pineapple waste, particularly crude fiber content, using submerged fermentation and different local microorganism solutions from rice waste, bamboo sprouts, banana corms, mixed fruit waste and mixed vegetable waste. Materials and Methods: This experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was different local microorganism solutions and the second factor was the fermentation duration (1, 2 and 3 weeks). Each treatment was replicated twice. Total water, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, soluble protein and total sugar contents, as well as the cellulase activity were measured. Results: The results showed an association (p<0.05) between the different local microorganism solutions and the fermentation durations on the crude fiber, total sugar and soluble protein contents of the pineapple waste fermentation product. Cellulose activity in pineapple waste was significantly affected by the different local microorganism solutions and the fermentation duration and the different local microorganism solutions significantly affected the crude protein, water and dry matter contents (p<0.05). Conclusion: Higher total water and lower total dry matter contents of the pineapple waste fermentation product were detected using the local microorganism solution from bamboo sprouts and a higher total crude protein content were detected using the local microorganism solutions from rice waste, bamboo sprouts, mixed fruit waste and mixed vegetable waste, further a lower total crude fiber content was detected using the local microorganism solution from bamboo sprouts with a fermentation duration of 1, 2 and 3 weeks. A higher total sugar content was detected using the local microorganism solution from rice waste and a higher soluble protein content was detected using the local microorganism solution from rice waste with a fermentation duration of 1 week, using that from mixed fruit waste with a fermentation duration of 2 weeks and using that from bamboo sprouts with a fermentation duration of 3 weeks. A higher cellulase activity during pineapple waste fermentation was detected using the mixed local microorganism solutions from vegetable and mixed fruit waste. The local microorganism solution from bamboo sprouts and a fermentation duration of 1 week was the best combination for lowering the crude fiber content of pineapple waste.