Production and Quality of Etawa Raw Milk Using Palm Oil Industry Waste and Paitan Plants as an Early Feed
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2018.399.404Keywords:
Etawa crossbreed, milk production, milk quality, paitan, palm oil industry by-productsAbstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the influence of palm oil industry by-products (palm kernel cake and palm oil sludge) and Paitan (Tithonia diversifolia, TD) as roughage on the production and quality of Etawa crossbreed (EC) goat milk. Materials and Methods: Eighteen EC dairy goats on their second lactation month were used in this study. This study utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that consisted of 6 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments were as follows: (A) 50% roughage+50% soybean meal waste (SMW)+0% palm oil concentrate (POC), (B) 50% TD+50% SMW+0% POC, (C) 50% TD+37.5% SMW+12.5% POC, (D) 50% TD+25% SMW+25% POC, (E) 50% TD+12.5% SMW+37.5% POC and (F) 50% TD+0% SMW+50% POC. The variables observed in this study were the production and quality of Etawa crossbreed milk (protein and lactose). Results: Results showed a milk production rate (1.44-1.85 kg/head/day) with a milk protein concentration (3.48-3.76%) and a lactose concentration (4.01- 4.16%). Using palm oil industry by-products and TD as an early feed can significantly increase milk production (p<0.01), but there was no effect on milk quality (p<0.05). Conclusion: The TD and palm oil industry by-products can be used as an alternative feed for animals. The optimal feed for dairy goats was 50% TD+25% SMW+25% POS (treatment D).
References
Arief, 2013. Supplementation of probiotics in dairy goats rations based byproducts of palm oil processing industry. Ph.D. Thesis, Andalas University, Padang.
Daud, M.J., 1995. Technical inovation in the utilization of local feed resources for more officient animal production. Proceedings of the 17th Malaysian Society of Animal Product Annual Conference on Towards Corporizing the Animal and Feed Industries, May 28-30, 1995, Penang.
Sutardi, T., 1997. Peluang dan tantangan pengembangan ilmu-ilmu nutrisi ternak. Orasi Ilmiah Guru Besar Tetap Ilmu Nutrisi Ternak. Fakultas Peternakan. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Hanafi, N.D., 2004. Perlakuan silase dan amoniasi daun kelapa sawit sebagai bahan baku pakan domba. Program Studi Produksi Ternak Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara. USU Digital Library, Medan.
Jarmani, S.N., 2007. Penerapan teknologi sebagai usaha untuk meningkatkan produksi susu dan memperbaiki budidaya sapi perah rakyat masalah dan pemecahannya. Semiloka Nasional Prospek Industri Sapi Perah Menuju Perdagangan Bebas-2020. http://peternakan.litbang.pertanian.go.id/fullteks/lokakarya/loksp08-74.pdf?secure=1.
Harfiah, 2007. Lumpur minyak sawit kering sebagai sumber nutrisi ternak ruminansia. Buletin Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Vol. 6, No. 2.
Osuga, I.M., S.A. Abdulrazak, T. Ichinohe and T. Fujihara, 2006. Rumen degradation and in vitro gas production parameters in some browse forages, grasses and maize stover from Kenya. J. Food Agric. Environ., 4: 60-64.
Rodriguez, L. and T.R. Preston, 1996. Comparative parameters of digestion and N metabolism in Mong Cai and Mong Cai*Large White cross piglets having free access to sugar cane juice and duck weed. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 8, No. 1.
Arief, Elihasridas and S. Sowmen, 2016. Optimalisasi pemanfaatan limbah industri kelapa sawit dengan suplementasi probiotik menunjang peningkatan produktifitas kambing peranakan etawah. Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Andalas, Padang.
Steel, R.G.D and J.H. Torrie, 1991. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistik. Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. Alih Bahasa, B. Sumantri, Gramedia, Jakarta.
Mukhtar, A., 2006. Ilmu Produksi Ternak Perah. Lembaga Pengembangan Pendidikan UNS dan Universitas Negeri Surakarta Press, Surakarta.
Suryahadi, K.W., I. Permana, H. Yano and R. Kawashima, 1996. The use of local yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve fermentation and nutrient utilization of buffaloes. Proc. 8th AAAP Anim. Sci. Congr., 2: 168-169.
Jamarun, N., M. Zain, Arief and R. Pazla, 2018. Populations of rumen microbes and the in vitro digestibility of fermented oil palm fronds in combination with Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Pak. J. Nutr., 17: 39-45.
Fasuyi, A.O., F.A.S. Dairo and F.J. Ibitayo, 2010. Ensiling wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) leaves with sugar cane molasses. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 22, No. 3.
Widyobroto, B.P., S. Padmowijoto and R. Utomot, 1994. Degradasi bahan organik dan protein secara in sacco Lima rumput tropik. Buletin Peternakan, 19: 45-55.
Henson, J.E., D.J. Schingoethe and H.A. Maiga, 1997. Lactational evaluation of protein supplements of varying ruminal degradabilities. J. Dairy Sci., 80: 385-392.
Faverdin, P., R. Baumont and K.L. Ingvartsen, 1995. Control and Prediction of Feed Intake in Ruminants. In: Recent Developments in the Nutrition of Herbivores, Journet, M., E. Grenet, M.H. Farce, M. Theriez and C. Demarquilly (Eds.). INRA, Paris, France, pp: 95-120.
McCullough, M.E., 1973. Optimum Feeding of Dairy Animals for Meat and Milk. The University of Georgia Press, Athens.
Smith, A.H., E. Zoetendal and R.I. Mackie, 2005. Bacterial mechanisms to overcome inhibitory effects of dietary tannins. Microb. Ecol., 50: 197-205.
Collier, R.J., 1985. Nutritional Control of Milk Syntesis. In: Lactasion, Larson, B. (Ed.). Lowa State University Press, USA., pp: 80-128.
Akers, R.M., 2002. Lactation and the Mammary Gland. 1st Edn., John Wiley and Sons Inc., Ames, IA., USA., ISBN-13: 9780813829920, Pages: 278.
Prawirokusumo, S., 1993. Ilmu gizi komparatif. Edisi Pertama. Badan Penerbitan Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Suhendra, D., G.T. Anggiati, S. Sarah, A.F. Nasrullah, A. Thimoty and D.W.C. Utama, 2015. Tampilan kualitas susu sapi perah akibat imbangan konsentrat dan hijauan yang berbeda. J. Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan, 25: 42-46.
Schmidt, G.H., L.D. van Vleck and M.F. Hutjens, 1988. Principles of Dairy Science. 2nd Edn., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Leng, R.A., J.W. Steel and J.R. Luick, 1967. Contribution of propionate to glucose synthesis in sheep. Biochem. J., 103: 785-790.
Steinhour, W.D. and D.E. Bauman, 1988. Propionate Metabolism: A New Interpretation. In: Aspects of Digestive Physiology in Ruminants, Dobson, A. and M.J. Dobson (Eds.). Comstock Publications, Ithaca, New York, pp: 238-256.
Ebner, K.E., 1971. Biosynthesis of Lactose. J. Dairy Sci., 54: 1229-1233.
Devendra, C. and M. Burns, 1994. Produksi Kambing di Daerah Tropis. Terjemahan IDK Harya Putra. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
