Improving the Quality of Palm Kernel Cake Through Fermentation by Eupenicillium javanicum as Poultry Ration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2013.1085.1088Keywords:
Eupenicillium javanicum, fermentation, inoculum, palm kernel cakeAbstract
An experiment was conducted to improve the nutrient content of palm kernel cake through fermentation by Eupenicillium javanicum with combination inoculums dosage and fermented time. The experiment used complete randomized design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial and twice replication. The first factor was inoculums dosage: (1) 4, (2) 7 and (3) 10%. The second factor was fermented time: (1) 7 days, (2) 11 days and (3) 15 days. The parameters were dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and fat of palm kernel cake fermented. The result of study showed that there was highly significant (p<0.01) interaction between inoculums dosage and fermented time to dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber but crude fat was no interaction (p>0.05). Each factor, inoculums dosage and fermented time were significantly (p<0.05) affected to dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and crude fat. It is concluded that palm kernel cake fermented by Eupenicillium javanicum showed inoculums dosage 10% and fermented time 11 days had a better nutrient content. This condition can be seen in dry matter (42.21%), crude protein 26.27% and crude fiber 11.37% of palm kernel cake fermented.
References
Daud, M.J. and M.C. Jarvis, 1992. Mannan of oil palm kernel. Phytochemistry, 31: 463-464.
Dusterhoft, E.M., A.W. Bonte and A.G.J. Voragen, 1993. Solubilisation of non-starch polysaccharides from oil-seed meals by polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. J. Sci. Food Agric., 63: 211-220.
Ezieshi, E.V. and J.M. Olomu, 2008. Nutritional evaluation of palm kernel meal types: 2. Effects on live performance and nutrient retention in broiler chicken diets. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7: 1171-1175.
Fardiaz, S., 1988. Fermentasi pangan. Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan dan Gizi Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Garcia, C.A., A.G. Gemat and J.G. Murilo, 1999. The effect of four levels palm kernel meal in broiler diets. Ceiba, 40: 29-295.
Kassim, E.A., I.M. Ghazi and Z.A. Nagieb, 1985. Effect of pretreatment of cellulosic waste on the production of cellulose enzymes by Trichoderma reesei. J. Ferment. Technol., 6: 129-193.
Meryandini, A., R. Anggreandari and N. Rachmania, 2008. Isolasi bakteri mananolitik dan karakterisasi mananasenya. Biota, 13: 82-88.
Mirnawati, Y.R., I.P. Kompiang and H. Marlida, 2008. The role of humic acid as heavy metal scavenger in processing palm kernel cake for poultry feed. Competitive Grant Research Report, Ministry of Education and Culture, Indonesia.
Mirnawati, Y. Rizal, Y. Marlida and I.P. Kompiang, 2010. The role of humic acid in palm kernel cake fermented by Aspergillus niger for poultry ration. Pak. J. Nutr., 9: 182-185.
Mirnawati, I.P. Kompiang and S.A. Latif, 2012. Effect of substrate composition and inoculum dosage to improve quality of palm kernel cake fermented by Aspergillus niger. Pak. J. Nutr., 11: 434-438.
Moore-landecker, E., 1972. Fundamentals of the Fungi. Prentice Hall, New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9780133392678, Pages: 482.
Odunsi, A.A., T.O. Akande, A.S. Yusuph and R.I. Salami, 2002. Comparative utilisation of high inclusion rates of four agro-industrial by-products in the diets of egg type chickens. Arch. Zootec., 51: 465-468.
Perez, J.F., A.G. Gernat and J.G. Murillo, 2000. Research notes: The effect of different levels of palm kernel meal in layer diets. Poult. Sci., 79: 77-79.
Purwadaria, T. and L. Sari, 2004. Pengkajian nilai gizi hasil fermentasi mutan Aspergillus niger pada substrat bungkil kelapa dan bungkil inti sawit. Biodivesitas, 5: 48-51.
Saono, S., 1974. Pemanfaatan jasad renik dalam hasil sampingan atau sisa-sisa produk pertanian. Berita LIPI., 18: 1-11.
Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie, 1991. Prinsip and Prosedur Statistik: Suatu Pendekatan. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Sukara Dan, E. and A.H. Atmowidjojo, 1980. Pemanfaatan ubi kayu untuk produksi enzim amilase dan protein sel tunggal: Optimasisasi nutrisi untuk proses fermentasi substrat cair dengan menggunakan kapang Rhizopus. Proceedings of the Seminar Nasional. UPT ERG, Lampung.
Supriyati, T. Pasaribu, H. Hamid and D.A. Sinurat, 1998. Fermentasi bungkil inti sawit secara substrat padat dengan menggunakan Aspergillus niger. J. Ilmu Ternak Vet., 4: 257-263.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
